Roy Michael J, Sticha Deborah L, Kraus Patricia L, Olsen Dale E
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006 Apr;9(2):245-7. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.245.
Continuing medical education has historically been provided primarily by didactic lectures, though adult learners prefer experiential or self-directed learning. Young physicians have extensive experience with computer-based or "video" games, priming them for medical education--and treating their patients--via new technologies. We report our use of standardized patients (SPs) to educate physicians on the diagnosis and treatment of biological and chemical warfare agent exposure. We trained professional actors to serve as SPs representing exposure to biological agents such as anthrax and smallpox. We rotated workshop participants through teaching stations to interview, examine, diagnose and treat SPs. We also trained SPs to simulate a chemical mass casualty (MASCAL) incident. Workshop participants worked together to treat MASCAL victims, followed by discussion of key teaching points. More recently, we developed computer-based simulation (CBS) modules of patients exposed to biological agents. We compare the strengths and weaknesses of CBS vs. live SPs. Finally, we detail plans for a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy compared to pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is associated with significant disability and healthcare costs, which may be ameliorated by the identification of more effective therapy.
从历史上看，继续医学教育主要通过讲授式讲座来提供，尽管成年学习者更喜欢体验式或自主学习。年轻医生对基于计算机的或“视频”游戏有丰富的经验，这使他们能够通过新技术接受医学教育并治疗患者。我们报告了我们使用标准化病人（SPs）对医生进行生物和化学战剂暴露诊断与治疗教育的情况。我们培训专业演员充当代表接触炭疽和天花等生物制剂的标准化病人。我们让研讨会参与者轮流到各个教学站对标准化病人进行访谈、检查、诊断和治疗。我们还培训标准化病人模拟化学大规模伤亡事件（MASCAL）。研讨会参与者共同努力治疗MASCAL受害者，随后讨论关键教学要点。最近，我们开发了基于计算机模拟（CBS）的接触生物制剂患者模块。我们比较了基于计算机模拟与现场标准化病人的优缺点。最后，我们详细说明了一项随机对照试验的计划，以评估虚拟现实（VR）暴露疗法与药物疗法治疗创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的疗效。创伤后应激障碍会导致严重的残疾和医疗费用，通过确定更有效的治疗方法可能会有所改善。
