Sharma Surya K, Upadhyay A K, Haque M A, Padhan K, Tyagi P K, Batra C P, Adak T, Dash A P, Subbarao Sarala K
Malaria Research Centre (ICMR), Field Station, Sector-5, Rourkela-769002, Orissa, India.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2006 Mar;22(1):111-8. doi: 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[111:EOMNTW]2.0.CO;2.
A village-scale trial on the efficacy of mosquito nets treated with a tablet formulation of deltamethrin (K-OTAB) against malaria in comparison to untreated nets or no net was conducted in Sundargarh District of Orissa, India, which is characterized by perennial transmission with Plasmodium falciparum accounting for more than 80% of malaria cases. Three villages with similar topographical and epidemiological situations were selected and randomly assigned to 3 arms of the study: treated net, untreated net, and no net. Distribution of nets, based on a sleeping pattern survey, was carried out to cover 100% of the population in treated-net and untreated-net villages. Longitudinal and cross-sectional surveys were conducted to measure malaria incidence, prevalence, and splenomegaly. Malaria incidence was reduced by 64.3% in the village with treated nets, 45.2% in the village with plain nets, and 21.4% in the control village without nets. Comparison of malaria incidence data after 1 year of intervention showed significant difference between villages with treated net vs. untreated net (P < 0.05) and treated net vs. no net (P < 0.005). The incidence of clinical attack rate due to P. falciparum was significantly lower in the population using treated nets than in those using untreated nets and no nets. However, no age-specific protective efficacy of treated nets or untreated nets was observed. A significant reduction occurred in spleen rate and parasite rate in children aged 2-9 years using treated nets or untreated nets. An overall significant reduction was found in parasite rate in the total population using treated and untreated nets as compared to nonusers.
在印度奥里萨邦的孙德尔加尔区开展了一项村级试验，比较了用溴氰菊酯片剂配方（K - OTAB）处理的蚊帐与未处理蚊帐或无蚊帐预防疟疾的效果。该地区以疟疾常年传播为特征，恶性疟原虫导致的疟疾病例占比超过80%。选择了三个地形和流行病学情况相似的村庄，并随机分为研究的三个组：处理过的蚊帐组、未处理的蚊帐组和无蚊帐组。根据睡眠模式调查进行蚊帐分发，以覆盖使用处理过蚊帐和未处理蚊帐村庄的全部人口。进行了纵向和横断面调查，以测量疟疾发病率、患病率和脾肿大情况。使用处理过蚊帐的村庄疟疾发病率降低了64.3%，使用普通蚊帐的村庄降低了45.2%，无蚊帐的对照村庄降低了21.4%。干预1年后疟疾发病率数据的比较显示，使用处理过蚊帐的村庄与使用未处理蚊帐的村庄之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05），使用处理过蚊帐与无蚊帐的村庄之间存在显著差异（P < 0.005）。使用处理过蚊帐人群中由恶性疟原虫导致的临床发作率显著低于使用未处理蚊帐和无蚊帐的人群。然而，未观察到处理过的蚊帐或未处理的蚊帐有针对特定年龄的保护效果。使用处理过蚊帐或未处理蚊帐的2至9岁儿童的脾肿大率和寄生虫率显著降低。与未使用蚊帐者相比，使用处理过和未处理蚊帐的总人口中的寄生虫率总体显著降低。
