Strick Lara B, Wald Anna
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Mol Diagn Ther. 2006;10(1):17-28. doi: 10.1007/BF03256439.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most common, yet frequently overlooked, sexually transmitted infections. Since the type of HSV infection affects prognosis and subsequent counseling, type-specific testing to distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2 is recommended. Although PCR has been the diagnostic standard for HSV infections of the central nervous system, until now viral culture has been the test of choice for HSV genital infection. However, HSV PCR, with its consistently and substantially higher rate of HSV detection, will likely replace viral culture as the gold standard for the diagnosis of genital herpes in people with active mucocutaneous lesions, regardless of anatomic location or viral type. Alternatively, type-specific serologic tests based on glycoprotein G should be the test of choice to establish the diagnosis of HSV infection when no active lesion is present. Given the difficulty in making the clinical diagnosis of HSV, the growing worldwide prevalence of genital herpes and the availability of effective antiviral therapy, there is an increased demand for rapid, accurate laboratory diagnosis of patients with HSV.
单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）是最常见但却经常被忽视的性传播感染之一。由于HSV感染的类型会影响预后及后续咨询，因此建议进行区分HSV-1和HSV-2的型特异性检测。尽管PCR一直是中枢神经系统HSV感染的诊断标准，但迄今为止，病毒培养一直是HSV生殖器感染的首选检测方法。然而，HSV PCR检测HSV的比率始终且显著更高，无论病变的解剖位置或病毒类型如何，它都可能取代病毒培养，成为诊断有活动性黏膜皮肤病变患者生殖器疱疹的金标准。另外，当没有活动性病变时，基于糖蛋白G的型特异性血清学检测应是确立HSV感染诊断的首选检测方法。鉴于HSV临床诊断存在困难、全球生殖器疱疹患病率不断上升以及有有效的抗病毒治疗方法，对HSV患者进行快速、准确的实验室诊断的需求日益增加。
