Birol Ekin, Karousakis Katia, Koundouri Phoebe
Department of Land Economics and Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2PH, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2006 Jul 15;365(1-3):105-22. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.02.032. Epub 2006 May 2.
The need for economic analysis for the design and implementation of efficient water resources management policies is well documented in the economics literature. This need is also emphasised in the European Union's recent Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), and is relevant to the objectives of Euro-limpacs, an EU funded project which inter alia, aims to provide a decision-support system for valuing the effects of future global change on Europe's freshwater ecosystems. The purpose of this paper is to define the role of economic valuation techniques in assisting in the design of efficient, equitable and sustainable policies for water resources management in the face of environmental problems such as pollution, intensive land use in agriculture and climate change. The paper begins with a discussion of the conceptual economic framework that can be used to inform water policy-making. An inventory of the available economic valuation methods is presented and the scope and suitability of each for studying various aspects of water resources are critically discussed. Recent studies that apply these methods to water resources are reviewed. Finally, an application of one of the economic valuation methods, namely the contingent valuation method, is presented using a case study of the Cheimaditida wetland in Greece.
经济学文献中充分记载了对高效水资源管理政策的设计与实施进行经济分析的必要性。欧盟近期的《水框架指令》（2000/60/EC）也强调了这一必要性，并且这与欧洲环境与气候变迁影响评估合作计划（Euro-limpacs）的目标相关，该计划是一个由欧盟资助的项目，其目标之一是提供一个决策支持系统，用于评估未来全球变化对欧洲淡水生态系统的影响。本文的目的是确定经济估值技术在面对诸如污染、农业土地集约利用和气候变化等环境问题时，协助设计高效、公平和可持续的水资源管理政策中所起的作用。本文首先讨论了可用于为水政策制定提供信息的概念性经济框架。列出了现有的经济估值方法，并对每种方法在研究水资源各个方面的范围和适用性进行了严格讨论。回顾了将这些方法应用于水资源的近期研究。最后，通过希腊凯马迪蒂达湿地的案例研究，展示了一种经济估值方法——条件价值法的应用。
