Burnley S J
Department of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
Waste Manag. 2007;27(3):327-36. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.12.020. Epub 2006 May 2.
As the waste industry continues to move from a disposal-based system to one based on a combination of recovery options, the need for information on the composition of waste increases and this is reflected by the amount of information on the physical composition of municipal solid wastes that is now available. However, there is far less information on the chemical composition of municipal solid waste. The results from a number of chemical surveys from Europe are compared and show a reasonable degree of agreement, but several problems were identified with the data. Chemical and physical compositional data are combined in a case study example to investigate the flow of key potential pollutants in an integrated solid waste management system that uses materials recycling, composting, incineration and landfilling. This case study has shown that an integrated waste management strategy diverts lead and cadmium away from composting and recycling to incineration, which effectively isolates these elements from the environment through efficient capture of the pollutants followed by secure landfilling or recycling of the residues. However, further work is needed to determine the distribution of mercury in incineration residues and its fate when the residues are landfilled.
随着垃圾行业继续从基于处置的系统转向基于多种回收方式相结合的系统，对垃圾成分信息的需求不断增加，这一点从目前可得的关于城市固体废物物理成分的信息量中得到了体现。然而，关于城市固体废物化学成分的信息却少得多。对欧洲多项化学调查的结果进行了比较，结果显示出合理程度的一致性，但也发现了数据存在的若干问题。在一个案例研究示例中，将化学和物理成分数据相结合，以研究在一个采用材料回收、堆肥、焚烧和填埋的综合固体废物管理系统中关键潜在污染物的流动情况。该案例研究表明，综合废物管理策略将铅和镉从堆肥和回收环节转移至焚烧环节，通过有效捕获污染物并随后对残渣进行安全填埋或回收，从而有效地将这些元素与环境隔离开来。然而，还需要进一步开展工作来确定汞在焚烧残渣中的分布情况以及残渣填埋时汞的去向。
