Kremenová Sona, Zákoucká Hana, Kremen Jaromír
Dermatovenerogical Clinic, Hospital of Kralovske Vinohrady Prague, Czech Republic.
Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek. 2006 Apr;12(2):51-7.
The paper describes the clinical picture and management of congenital syphilis. In the introduction the origin of syphilis is mentioned. The etiologic agent -- Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (Tp) -- is transmitted to fetus almost exclusively via placenta. Perinatal infections are less frequent, and postnatal infections are only exceptionally. The symptoms of congenital syphilis may be divided into prenatal (syphilis materno-fetalis), neonatal, and rarely seen postnatal. Prenatal symptoms causing the immaturity of fetus are recognizable from the 7th month of pregnancy and associated with miscarriages, premature deliveries of still-born babies or live neonates with congenital syphilis. Neonatal and postnatal symptoms are manifested only after birth. They may present immediately at birth, develop within first two years of life as early congenital syphilis, or (similarly to acquired syphilis) later in life as a late localized form, often seen many years after birth, even at puberty -- late congenital syphilis. The clinical picture depends on many factors -- primarily on the duration of the infection in mother and the stage of pregnancy.
本文描述了先天性梅毒的临床表现及治疗方法。在引言部分提到了梅毒的起源。病原体——梅毒螺旋体苍白亚种（Tp）——几乎仅通过胎盘传播给胎儿。围产期感染较少见，产后感染则极为罕见。先天性梅毒的症状可分为产前（母婴梅毒）、新生儿期和罕见的产后症状。导致胎儿发育不成熟的产前症状在妊娠第7个月即可识别，与流产、死产或患有先天性梅毒的活产新生儿早产有关。新生儿期和产后症状仅在出生后出现。它们可能在出生时立即出现，在生命的头两年发展为早期先天性梅毒，或者（与后天梅毒类似）在生命后期发展为晚期局限性形式，通常在出生多年后，甚至在青春期出现——晚期先天性梅毒。临床表现取决于许多因素——主要取决于母亲感染的持续时间和妊娠阶段。
