Hu G, Jousilahti P, Peltonen M, Bidel S, Tuomilehto J
Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Dec;30(12):1742-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803341. Epub 2006 Apr 25.
To examine joint associations of coffee consumption and other factors (including physical activity, obesity and alcohol consumption) with the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Prospective follow-up study.
In all, 10 188 Finnish men and 11 197 women aged 35-74 years without a history of stroke, coronary heart disease or diabetes at baseline.
A self-administered questionnaire data on coffee, tea, alcohol and other food consumption, physical activity, smoking, socio-economic factors and medical history, together with measured height, weight and blood pressure using standardized protocol.
During a mean follow-up of 13.4 years, there were 964 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. Multivariate-adjusted (age, study year, systolic blood pressure, education, smoking, physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and fruit, vegetable, sausage, bread, alcohol and tea consumption) hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes in participants who drank 0-2, 3-6 and > or =7 cups of coffee were 1.00, 0.77 and 0.66 (P=0.022 for trend) in men, 1.00, 0.71 and 0.52 (P=0.001 for trend) in women, and 1.00, 0.75 and 0.61 (P<0.001 for trend) in men and women combined (adjusted also for sex), respectively. This inverse association was consistent in subjects with any joint levels of physical activity and BMI, and in alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers. Among obese and inactive people, coffee drinking of seven cups or more daily reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes to half.
Coffee drinking was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in both men and women, and this association was observed regardless of the levels of physical activity, BMI and alcohol consumption.
研究咖啡摄入量与其他因素（包括体育活动、肥胖和饮酒）对2型糖尿病风险的联合影响。
前瞻性随访研究。
共纳入10188名35 - 74岁无中风、冠心病或糖尿病病史的芬兰男性以及11197名同龄女性。
通过一份自填式问卷收集关于咖啡、茶、酒精及其他食物摄入、体育活动、吸烟、社会经济因素和病史的数据，同时按照标准化方案测量身高、体重和血压。
在平均13.4年的随访期间，共出现964例2型糖尿病新发病例。多因素调整（年龄、研究年份、收缩压、教育程度、吸烟、体育活动、体重指数（BMI）以及水果、蔬菜、香肠、面包、酒精和茶的摄入量）后，男性中每天饮用0 - 2杯、3 - 6杯以及≥7杯咖啡的参与者患2型糖尿病的风险比分别为1.00、0.77和0.66（趋势P值 = 0.022）；女性中相应的风险比分别为1.00、0.71和0.52（趋势P值 = 0.001）；男性和女性合并分析（并对性别进行调整）时，风险比分别为1.00、0.75和0.61（趋势P值<0.001）。这种负相关在不同体育活动水平和BMI组合的人群中以及饮酒者和不饮酒者中均一致。在肥胖且缺乏运动的人群中，每天饮用7杯或更多咖啡可将2型糖尿病风险降低一半。
无论男女，喝咖啡都与降低2型糖尿病风险相关，且这种关联不受体育活动水平、BMI和饮酒量的影响。
