Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Jul 1;114(1):194-202. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab006.
Evidence from epidemiological studies remains inconsistent or limited about the associations of tea consumption with incident diabetes and risk of diabetic complications and death among patients with diabetes.
We aimed to investigate the associations of tea consumption with long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and risks of diabetic complications and death among patients with diabetes.
This study included 482,425 diabetes-free participants and 30,300 patients with diabetes aged 30-79 y at study enrollment from the China Kadoorie Biobank. Tea consumption information was collected at baseline by interviewer-administered questionnaires. Incidences of diabetes, diabetic complications, and death were identified by linkages to the National Health Insurance system, disease registries, and death registries. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs.
The mean ± SD age of participants free of diabetes was 51.2 ± 10.5 y and 41% were male. The mean ± SD age of patients with diabetes was 58.2 ± 9.6 y and 39% were male. Of all daily tea consumers, 85.8% preferred green tea. In the diabetes-free population, 17,434 participants developed incident T2D during 11.1 y of follow-up. Compared with participants who never consumed tea in the past year, the HR (95% CI) of T2D for daily consumers was 0.92 (0.88, 0.97). In patients with diabetes, we identified 6572 deaths, 12,677 diabetic macrovascular cases, and 2441 diabetic microvascular cases during follow-up. Compared with patients who never consumed tea in the past year, the HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality and risk of microvascular complications for daily consumers were 0.90 (0.83, 0.97) and 0.88 (0.78, 1.00), respectively. Tea consumption was not associated with risk of macrovascular complications among patients with diabetes. With regard to tea consumed, the inverse associations between daily tea consumption and risks of T2D and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes were only observed among daily green tea drinkers.
In Chinese adults, daily green tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of incident T2D and a lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, but the associations for other types of tea were less clear. In addition, daily tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of diabetic microvascular complications, but not macrovascular complications.
来自流行病学研究的证据对于茶的摄入与新发糖尿病风险以及糖尿病患者发生糖尿病并发症和死亡的关系仍然不一致或有限。
我们旨在研究茶的摄入与长期发生 2 型糖尿病（T2D）风险以及糖尿病患者发生糖尿病并发症和死亡风险之间的关系。
这项研究纳入了来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目的 482425 名无糖尿病参与者和 30300 名年龄在 30-79 岁的糖尿病患者。在研究入组时，通过访谈员管理的问卷收集茶的摄入信息。通过与国家健康保险系统、疾病登记处和死亡登记处的关联来确定糖尿病、糖尿病并发症和死亡的发生情况。使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型来估计 HRs 和 95%CI。
无糖尿病参与者的平均（±SD）年龄为 51.2±10.5 岁，41%为男性。糖尿病患者的平均（±SD）年龄为 58.2±9.6 岁，39%为男性。在所有每日饮茶者中，85.8%喜欢绿茶。在无糖尿病人群中，17434 名参与者在 11.1 年的随访期间发生了新发 T2D。与过去一年从不饮茶的参与者相比，每日饮茶者的 T2D 发生风险 HR（95%CI）为 0.92（0.88，0.97）。在糖尿病患者中，我们在随访期间共确定了 6572 例死亡、12677 例糖尿病大血管病例和 2441 例糖尿病微血管病例。与过去一年从不饮茶的患者相比，每日饮茶者的全因死亡率和微血管并发症风险的 HRs（95%CI）分别为 0.90（0.83，0.97）和 0.88（0.78，1.00）。茶的摄入与糖尿病患者大血管并发症风险无关。关于所饮茶的种类，只有在每日饮用绿茶的糖尿病患者中，才观察到每日饮茶与 T2D 发生风险和全因死亡率降低之间存在关联。
在中国成年人中，每日饮用绿茶与新发 T2D 风险降低以及糖尿病患者全因死亡率降低相关，但其他种类茶的关联则不太明确。此外，每日饮茶与糖尿病微血管并发症风险降低相关，但与大血管并发症风险无关。
