Comparative immunochemistry of phytochrome.

Partially purified high molecular weight preparations of phytochrome, estimated to be close to 440,000 molecular weight based upon chromatography through a calibrated Bio-Gel P-300 column, were obtained from Garry and Newton oats (Avena Sativa L., cv. Garry and cv. Newton), rye (Secale cereale L., cv. Balbo), barley (Horedum vulgare L., cv. Harrison), and pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska) by a sequence of three chromatographic steps: brushite, diethylaminoethyl cellulose, and Bio-Gel P-300. No significant differences were observed between these preparations during purification or subsequent handling. In addition, a low molecular weight form of phytochrome was purified from Garry oats. Two specific antisera against a low molecular weight form of phytochrome (60,000 molecular weight) obtained from etiolated Garry oat seedlings are characterized and used to compare the phytochrome preparations. Double diffusion assays indicated antigenic identity between all preparations except that pea phytochrome yielded a spur when compared to oat phytochrome. Micro complement fixation assays yielded complete identity between Garry and Newton oat phytochrome, reduced activity with rye and barley phytochrome, and a complete lack of activity with pea phytochrome at the serum dilutions assayed. Immunoelectrophoretic assays indicated that all high molecular weight phytochrome preparations were homogeneous by this criterion and that there were only slight differences between the preparations in electrophoretic mobility. Large and small forms of phytochrome isolated from Garry oats were found to be very similar antigens when tested with the anti-small phytochrome sera, although the small form was observed to electrophorese at a much slower rate than the large.