d-Glycerate Transport by the Pea Chloroplast Glycolate Carrier : Studies on [1-C]d-Glycerate Uptake and d-Glycerate Dependent O(2) Evolution.

The transport of glycolate and d-glycerate, the substrate and end product of the photorespiratory carbon pathway, respectively, by isolated intact pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts has been compared. d-Glycerate uptake was inhibited by the 2-hydroxymonocarboxylates, glycolate, glyoxylate, and d-lactate. Phosphate and phosphoglycerate and triose phosphates were without effect when the assays were carried out for two seconds. Glycolate was found to be a competitive inhibitor of d-glycerate uptake and the presence of glycolate in the chloroplast stroma strongly enhanced d-glycerate uptake from the medium. For optimal rates of d-glycerate-dependent O(2) evolution by pea chloroplasts, phosphate, ADP or ATP, and a mediator of cyclic electron flow had to be added. The inhibition of d-glycerate-dependent O(2) evolution by triose phosphates and 2-hydroxymonocarboxylates was tested. The inhibition of d-glycerate-dependent O(2) evolution by these metabolites did not correlate with their effects on glycerate transport. Thus, metabolism of d-glycerate, rather than its transport, limits the rate of glycerate-dependent oxygen evolution. The ramifications of d-glycerate metabolism on the interpretation of d-glycerate uptake data obtained with prolonged incubations are discussed. We conclude that d-glycerate and glycolate transport are mediated by the same transport system.