Halkier Barbara Ann, Gershenzon Jonathan
Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2006;57:303-33. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105228.
Glucosinolates are sulfur-rich, anionic natural products that upon hydrolysis by endogenous thioglucosidases called myrosinases produce several different products (e.g., isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, and nitriles). The hydrolysis products have many different biological activities, e.g., as defense compounds and attractants. For humans these compounds function as cancer-preventing agents, biopesticides, and flavor compounds. Since the completion of the Arabidopsis genome, glucosinolate research has made significant progress, resulting in near-complete elucidation of the core biosynthetic pathway, identification of the first regulators of the pathway, metabolic engineering of specific glucosinolate profiles to study function, as well as identification of evolutionary links to related pathways. Although much has been learned in recent years, much more awaits discovery before we fully understand how and why plants synthesize glucosinolates. This may enable us to more fully exploit the potential of these compounds in agriculture and medicine.
硫代葡萄糖苷是富含硫的阴离子天然产物，在被称为黑芥子酶的内源性硫代葡萄糖苷酶水解后会产生几种不同的产物（例如异硫氰酸酯、硫氰酸盐和腈）。这些水解产物具有许多不同的生物活性，例如作为防御化合物和引诱剂。对人类而言，这些化合物具有防癌剂、生物农药和风味化合物的功能。自拟南芥基因组完成以来，硫代葡萄糖苷的研究取得了重大进展，核心生物合成途径几乎得到了完整阐释，该途径的首批调控因子得以鉴定，特定硫代葡萄糖苷谱的代谢工程用于研究其功能，以及与相关途径的进化联系也得以确定。尽管近年来已了解到很多信息，但在我们完全理解植物如何以及为何合成硫代葡萄糖苷之前，仍有更多有待发现。这可能使我们能够更充分地开发这些化合物在农业和医学中的潜力。
