Corral Montserrat, Rodríguez Marina, Amenedo Elena, Sánchez Juan Luis, Díaz Fernando
Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Dev Neuropsychol. 2006;29(3):479-91. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn2903_6.
The first aim of this study was to explore the relation between cognitive reserve, age, and neuropsychological functioning in a healthy sample; and second, to determine the risk of showing cognitive deficits as a function of cognitive reserve. One hundred forty-six healthy participants between the ages of 20 and 79 were submitted to neuropsychological assessment, focusing on attention, memory, visuo-construction, conceptualization and reasoning. Premorbid IQ as measured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Vocabulary subtest was used as a proxy of cognitive reserve. Multivariate regression analysis with age and premorbid IQ as explanatory factors revealed a significant effect in all neuropsychological tests. Logistic regression revealed that participants with low cognitive reserve were more likely to obtain deficient scores (< or =1.5 SD below the mean) in the cognitive domains of attention (odds ratio [OR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.059.29), memory (OR, 6.17; 95% CI, 1.69-22.61) and global functioning (OR, 6.44; 95% CI, 2.56-16.22) than participants with high cognitive reserve. Results suggest that cognitive reserve acts as a protective factor against the expression of cognitive decline related to age in healthy individuals.
本研究的首要目的是在一个健康样本中探究认知储备、年龄与神经心理功能之间的关系；其次，确定作为认知储备函数的出现认知缺陷的风险。146名年龄在20至79岁之间的健康参与者接受了神经心理评估，重点是注意力、记忆力、视觉构建、概念化和推理能力。用韦氏成人智力量表词汇分测验测得的病前智商被用作认知储备的替代指标。以年龄和病前智商作为解释因素的多元回归分析显示，在所有神经心理测试中均有显著影响。逻辑回归显示，与高认知储备的参与者相比，低认知储备的参与者在注意力（优势比[OR]，3.13；95%置信区间[CI]，1.05 - 9.29）、记忆力（OR，6.17；95% CI，1.69 - 22.61）和整体功能（OR，6.44；95% CI，2.56 - 16.22）等认知领域更有可能获得缺陷分数（低于平均值1.
