Henneghan Ashley M, Lewis Kimberly A, Gill Eliana, Franco-Rocha Oscar Y, Vela Ruben D, Medick Sarah, Kesler Shelli R
School of Nursing, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
Department of Nursing Research, Ascension Texas, Austin, Texas.
J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2022 Mar 1;34(3):499-508. doi: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000647.
Neurological and psychological symptoms are increasingly realized in the post-acute phase of COVID-19.
To examine and characterize cognitive and related psychosocial symptoms in adults (21-75 years) who tested positive for or were treated as positive for COVID-19.
In this cross-sectional study, data collection included a cognitive testing battery (Trails B; Digit Symbol; Stroop; Immediate and Delayed Verbal Learning) and surveys (demographic/clinical history; self-reported cognitive functioning depressive symptoms, fatigue, anxiety, sleep disturbance, social role performance, and stress). Results were compared with published norms, rates of deficits (more than 1 standard deviation (SD) from the norm) were described, and correlations were explored.
We enrolled 52 participants (mean age 37.33 years; 78.85% female) who were, on average, 4 months post illness. The majority had a history of mild or moderate COVID-19 severity. Forty percent of participants demonstrated scores that were 1 SD or more below the population norm on one or more of the cognitive tests. A subset had greater anxiety (21.15%), depressive symptoms (23.07%), and sleep disturbance (19.23%) than population norms. Age differences were identified in Stroop, Digit Symbol, and Trails B scores by quartile ( p < .01), with worse performance in those 28-33 years old.
Cognitive dysfunction and psychological symptoms may be present in the weeks or months after COVID-19 diagnosis, even in those with mild to moderate illness severity.
Clinicians need to be aware and educate patients about the potential late/long-term cognitive and psychological effects of COVID-19, even in mild to moderate disease.
在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的急性后期，神经和心理症状越来越受到关注。
研究并描述COVID-19检测呈阳性或被当作阳性治疗的成年人（21至75岁）的认知及相关心理社会症状。
在这项横断面研究中，数据收集包括一套认知测试（连线测验B；数字符号替换测验；斯特鲁普测验；即时和延迟言语学习）以及调查问卷（人口统计学/临床病史；自我报告的认知功能、抑郁症状、疲劳、焦虑、睡眠障碍、社会角色表现和压力）。将结果与已发表的常模进行比较，描述缺陷率（比常模低超过1个标准差[SD]），并探讨相关性。
我们纳入了52名参与者（平均年龄37.33岁；78.85%为女性），他们平均在患病后4个月。大多数人有轻度或中度COVID-19严重程度的病史。40%的参与者在一项或多项认知测试中的得分比总体常模低1个标准差或更多。一部分人比总体常模有更高的焦虑（21.15%）、抑郁症状（23.07%）和睡眠障碍（19.23%）。按四分位数划分，在斯特鲁普测验、数字符号替换测验和连线测验B得分上发现了年龄差异（p < .01），28至33岁的人表现更差。
即使是轻度至中度疾病严重程度的患者，在COVID-19诊断后的数周或数月内也可能出现认知功能障碍和心理症状。
临床医生需要意识到并告知患者COVID-19潜在的晚期/长期认知和心理影响，即使是在轻度至中度疾病中。
