Doran Neal, McChargue Dennis, Cohen Lee
Department of Psychology, MC285, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Addict Behav. 2007 Jan;32(1):90-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.023. Epub 2006 May 3.
The present study tested the hypothesis that impulsivity would predict perceptions of positive and negative reinforcement from smoking. The secondary hypothesis was that the relationship between impulsivity and smoking reinforcement expectations would be mediated by the character trait of self-directedness. College students (n=202) who reported smoking cigarettes participated in the survey study. Hierarchical regression analyses confirmed that impulsivity predicted expectations about positive (beta=.22, p=.001) and negative (beta=.25, p=.001) reinforcement from smoking. These relationships were also mediated by self-directedness. Results suggest that impulsive smokers in the early stages of dependence may smoke because they expect smoking to be extremely pleasurable as well as to help dispel bouts with negative affect. Furthermore, their elevated expectations about smoking may be related to difficulties adapting to challenging environments and working toward long-term goals.
本研究检验了一个假设，即冲动性会预测对吸烟的正性和负性强化的感知。次要假设是，冲动性与吸烟强化预期之间的关系将由自我导向的性格特质介导。报告吸烟的大学生（n = 202）参与了这项调查研究。分层回归分析证实，冲动性预测了对吸烟的正性（β = 0.22，p = 0.001）和负性（β = 0.25，p = 0.001）强化的预期。这些关系也由自我导向介导。结果表明，处于依赖早期的冲动吸烟者可能吸烟是因为他们期望吸烟极其愉悦，同时有助于消除负面情绪发作。此外，他们对吸烟的更高期望可能与适应挑战性环境和朝着长期目标努力的困难有关。
