Doran Neal, McChargue Dennis, Spring Bonnie, VanderVeen Joe, Cook Jessica Werth, Richmond Malia
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006 Aug;14(3):287-95. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.14.3.287.
In the present study, the authors tested the hypothesis that nicotine would provide greater relief from negative affect for more impulsive smokers than for less impulsive smokers. Euthymic adult smokers (N=70) participated in 2 laboratory sessions, during which they underwent a negative mood induction (music + autobiographical memory), then smoked either a nicotinized or de-nicotinized cigarette. Mixed-effects regression yielded a significant Impulsivity x Condition (nicotinized vs. de-nicotinized) x Time interaction. Simple effects analyses showed that heightened impulsivity predicted greater negative affect relief after smoking a nicotinized cigarette but not after smoking a de-nicotinized cigarette. These data suggest that nicotine may be a disproportionately powerful negative reinforcer for highly impulsive smokers, promoting higher levels of nicotine dependence and inhibiting smoking cessation.
在本研究中，作者检验了这样一个假设：对于更冲动的吸烟者而言，尼古丁比不太冲动的吸烟者能更有效地缓解负面影响。心境正常的成年吸烟者（N = 70）参加了两个实验室环节，在此期间他们经历了负面情绪诱导（音乐+自传体记忆），然后吸食一支含尼古丁或不含尼古丁的香烟。混合效应回归产生了显著的冲动性×条件（含尼古丁与不含尼古丁）×时间交互作用。简单效应分析表明，冲动性增强预示着吸食含尼古丁香烟后负面影响得到更大缓解，但吸食不含尼古丁香烟后则不然。这些数据表明，对于高度冲动的吸烟者而言，尼古丁可能是一种作用过大的负性强化物，会加剧尼古丁依赖并阻碍戒烟。
