Woodruff Tracey J, Parker Jennifer D, Schoendorf Kenneth C
Office of Policy, Economics, and Innovation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, California 94105, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2006 May;114(5):786-90. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8484.
Studies suggest that airborne particulate matter (PM) may be associated with postneonatal infant mortality, particularly with respiratory causes and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). To further explore this issue, we examined the relationship between long-term exposure to fine PM air pollution and postneonatal infant mortality in California. We linked monitoring data for PM<or=2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) to infants born in California in 1999 and 2000 using maternal addresses for mothers who lived within 5 miles of a PM2.5 monitor. We matched each postneonatal infant death to four infants surviving to 1 year of age, by birth weight category and date of birth (within 2 weeks). For each matched set, we calculated exposure as the average PM2.5 concentration over the period of life for the infant who died. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds of postneonatal all-cause, respiratory-related, SIDS, and external-cause (a control category) mortality by exposure to PM2.5, controlling for the matched sets and maternal demographic factors. We matched 788 postneonatal infant deaths to 3,089 infant survivors, with 51 and 120 postneonatal deaths due to respiratory causes and SIDS, respectively. We found an adjusted odds ratio for a 10-microg/m3 increase in PM2.5 of 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93-1.24] for overall postneonatal mortality, 2.13 (95% CI, 1.12-4.05) for respiratory-related postneonatal mortality, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.55-1.23) for SIDS, and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.50-1.39) for external causes. The California findings add further evidence of a PM air pollution effect on respiratory-related postneonatal infant mortality.
研究表明，空气中的颗粒物（PM）可能与新生儿期后的婴儿死亡率有关，特别是与呼吸道疾病和婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）有关。为了进一步探讨这个问题，我们研究了加利福尼亚州长期暴露于细颗粒物空气污染与新生儿期后婴儿死亡率之间的关系。我们将空气动力学直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物（PM2.5）监测数据与1999年和2000年在加利福尼亚州出生的婴儿进行关联，这些婴儿的母亲居住在距离PM2.5监测器5英里范围内，使用母亲的住址进行匹配。我们将每例新生儿期后婴儿死亡病例与4名存活至1岁的婴儿进行匹配，匹配条件为出生体重类别和出生日期（相差2周内）。对于每一组匹配病例，我们计算死亡婴儿在其生命期间PM2.5的平均浓度作为暴露量。我们使用条件逻辑回归来估计暴露于PM2.5导致新生儿期后全因、呼吸道相关、SIDS和外部原因（对照类别）死亡的比值比，同时控制匹配组和母亲的人口统计学因素。我们将788例新生儿期后婴儿死亡病例与3089例婴儿存活病例进行了匹配，其中分别有51例和120例新生儿期后死亡是由呼吸道疾病和SIDS导致的。我们发现，PM2.5每增加10微克/立方米，总体新生儿期后死亡率的调整后比值比为1.07 [95%置信区间（CI），0.93 - 1.24]，呼吸道相关新生儿期后死亡率为2.13（95% CI，1.12 - 4.05），SIDS为0.82（95% CI，0.55 - 1.23），外部原因导致的死亡率为0.83（95% CI，0.50 - 1.39）。加利福尼亚州的这些研究结果进一步证明了颗粒物空气污染对呼吸道相关新生儿期后婴儿死亡率的影响。
