Hortin Glen L, Jortani Saeed A, Ritchie James C, Valdes Roland, Chan Daniel W
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Intramural research program of the NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1508, USA.
Clin Chem. 2006 Jul;52(7):1218-22. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.067280. Epub 2006 May 4.
Analysis of proteins has been an integral part of the field of clinical chemistry for decades. Recent advances in technology and complete identification of the human genome sequence have opened up new opportunities for analysis of proteins for clinical diagnostic purposes.
Content of a recent conference of proteomics is summarized.
New analytical methods allow the simultaneous analysis of a large number of proteins in biological fluids such as serum and plasma, offering partial views of the complete set of proteins or proteome. Plasma presents many analytical challenges, such as the complexity of components, predominance of a few major components, and the large concentration range of components, but the number of proteins that can be detected in plasma has expanded dramatically from hundreds to thousands. At the same time, there is increased capability to detect structural variations of proteins. Recent studies also identified the presence of complex sets of small protein fragments in plasma. This set of protein fragments, the fragmentome or peptidome, is potentially a rich source of information about physiologic and disease processes.
Advances in proteomics offer great promise for the discovery of markers that might serve as the basis for new clinical laboratory tests. There are many challenges, however, in the translation of newly discovered markers into clinical laboratory tests.
几十年来，蛋白质分析一直是临床化学领域不可或缺的一部分。技术的最新进展以及人类基因组序列的完全确定为用于临床诊断目的的蛋白质分析带来了新机遇。
总结了最近一次蛋白质组学会议的内容。
新的分析方法能够同时分析生物体液（如血清和血浆）中的大量蛋白质，提供了对完整蛋白质组或蛋白质集合的部分视图。血浆存在许多分析挑战，如成分复杂、少数主要成分占主导以及成分浓度范围大，但血浆中可检测到的蛋白质数量已从数百种大幅增加到数千种。与此同时，检测蛋白质结构变异的能力也有所提高。最近的研究还发现血浆中存在复杂的小蛋白质片段集合。这组蛋白质片段，即片段组或肽组，可能是有关生理和疾病过程的丰富信息来源。
蛋白质组学的进展为发现可能作为新临床实验室检测基础的标志物带来了巨大希望。然而，将新发现的标志物转化为临床实验室检测存在许多挑战。
