Güntsch A, Erler M, Preshaw P M, Sigusch B W, Klinger G, Glockmann E
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany.
J Periodontal Res. 2006 Jun;41(3):184-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00852.x.
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) represent the first line of cellular defences in the gingival crevice. Smoking, as probably the most important environmental risk factor for periodontitis, has been shown to adversely affect many neutrophil functions.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking on PMN numbers and function in periodontally healthy smokers and non-smokers.
Sixty subjects were recruited: 15 non-smokers, 15 light smokers (< 5 cigarettes/day), 15 moderate smokers (5-15 cigarettes/day) and 15 heavy smokers (> 15 cigarettes/day). Full mouth plaque index, sulcus bleeding index and probing depths were measured. Crevicular washings were obtained from all subjects to harvest PMNs. Numbers of PMNs, percentage viability, and percentage phagocytosis of opsonized Candida albicans were recorded.
Mean plaque scores and probing depths were (non-significantly) increased in smokers compared to non-smokers. Mean sulcus bleeding index scores were significantly lower in moderate (0.10 +/- 0.10) and heavy (0.07 +/- 0.11) smokers compared to non-smokers (0.14 +/- 0.13) (p < 0.05). Compared to non-smokers (1.73 +/- 1.08 x 10(6)/ml), the numbers of PMNs were higher in light (1.98 +/- 0.96 x 10(6)/ml) and moderate (2.03 +/- 1.43 x 10(6)/ml) smokers and were lower in heavy smokers (1.68 +/- 1.18 x 10(6)/ml), though there were no significant differences in PMN counts between the groups (p > 0.05). Percentage viability of PMNs was significantly lower in light (77.6 +/- 7.8%), moderate (76.5 +/- 8.2%) and heavy (75.0 +/- 6.5%) smokers compared to non-smokers (85.5 +/- 6.0%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ability of PMNs to phagocytose was significantly impaired in light (58.3 +/- 4.1%), moderate (51.9 +/- 2.33%) and heavy (40.9 +/- 3.5%) smokers compared to non-smokers (74.1 +/- 4.1%) (p < 0.05), with evidence of a dose-response effect.
Cigarette smoking adversely affected PMN viability and function in this periodontally healthy population.
多形核中性粒细胞（PMNs）是牙龈沟内细胞防御的第一道防线。吸烟可能是牙周炎最重要的环境风险因素，已被证明会对许多中性粒细胞功能产生不利影响。
本研究旨在调查吸烟对牙周健康吸烟者和非吸烟者中性粒细胞数量及功能的影响。
招募60名受试者：15名非吸烟者、15名轻度吸烟者（每天<5支香烟）、15名中度吸烟者（每天5 - 15支香烟）和15名重度吸烟者（每天>15支香烟）。测量全口菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数和探诊深度。从所有受试者获取龈沟冲洗液以收集中性粒细胞。记录中性粒细胞数量、活力百分比和调理素化白色念珠菌的吞噬百分比。
与非吸烟者相比，吸烟者的平均菌斑评分和探诊深度（无显著差异）有所增加。中度吸烟者（0.10±0.10）和重度吸烟者（0.07±0.11）的平均龈沟出血指数评分显著低于非吸烟者（0.14±0.13）（p<0.05）。与非吸烟者（1.73±1.08×10⁶/ml）相比，轻度吸烟者（1.98±0.96×10⁶/ml）和中度吸烟者（2.03±1.43×10⁶/ml）的中性粒细胞数量较高，重度吸烟者（1.68±1.18×10⁶/ml）的中性粒细胞数量较低，尽管各组中性粒细胞计数无显著差异（p>0.05）。轻度吸烟者（77.6±7.8%）、中度吸烟者（76.5±8.2%）和重度吸烟者（75.0±6.5%）的中性粒细胞活力百分比显著低于非吸烟者（85.5±6.0%）（p<0.05）。此外，与非吸烟者（74.1±4.1%）相比，轻度吸烟者（58.3±4.1%）、中度吸烟者（51.9±2.33%）和重度吸烟者（40.9±3.5%）的中性粒细胞吞噬能力显著受损（p<0.05），有剂量反应效应证据。
在这个牙周健康人群中，吸烟对中性粒细胞活力和功能产生了不利影响。
