Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
Pulm Med. 2021 Nov 2;2021:4712406. doi: 10.1155/2021/4712406. eCollection 2021.
Periodontal diseases are a range of polymicrobial infectious disorders, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, which affect tooth-supporting tissues and are linked to playing a role in the exacerbation of several pulmonary diseases. Pulmonary diseases, such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, tuberculosis, COVID-19, and bronchiectasis, significantly contribute to poor quality of life and mortality. The association between periodontal disease and pulmonary outcomes is an important topic and requires further attention. Numerous resident microorganisms coexist in the oral cavity and lungs. However, changes in the normal microflora due to oral disease, old age, lifestyle habits, or dental intervention may contribute to altered aspiration of oral periodontopathic bacteria into the lungs and changing inflammatory responses. Equally, periodontal diseases are associated with the longitudinal decline in spirometry lung volume. Several studies suggest a possible beneficial effect of periodontal therapy in improving lung function with a decreased frequency of exacerbations and reduced risk of adverse respiratory events and morbidity. Here, we review the current literature outlining the link between the oral cavity and pulmonary outcomes and focus on the microflora of the oral cavity, environmental and genetic factors, and preexisting conditions that can impact oral and pulmonary outcomes.
牙周病是一系列多微生物感染性疾病，如牙龈炎和牙周炎，影响牙齿支持组织，并与多种肺部疾病的恶化有关。肺炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘、肺结核、COVID-19 和支气管扩张等肺部疾病严重降低生活质量和导致死亡率增加。牙周病与肺部结局之间的关联是一个重要的话题，需要进一步关注。许多常驻微生物共存于口腔和肺部。然而，由于口腔疾病、年龄增长、生活方式习惯或牙科干预导致正常微生物群的变化，可能导致口腔牙周病细菌被吸入肺部的改变和炎症反应的改变。同样，牙周病与肺活量的纵向下降有关。几项研究表明，牙周治疗可能对改善肺功能有益，减少恶化的频率，并降低不良呼吸事件和发病率的风险。在这里，我们回顾了目前的文献，概述了口腔与肺部结局之间的联系，并重点介绍了口腔微生物群、环境和遗传因素以及可能影响口腔和肺部结局的现有疾病。
