Kerr Jacqueline, Rosenberg Dori, Sallis James F, Saelens Brian E, Frank Lawrence D, Conway Terry L
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Apr;38(4):787-94. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000210208.63565.73.
This study examined the association of objective and perceived neighborhood environmental characteristics and parent concerns with active commuting to school, investigated whether parental concerns varied by environmental characteristics, and compared the association of the perceived environment, parental concerns, and objective environment on the outcome active commuting to school.
Randomly selected parents of children (aged 5-18 yr), in neighborhoods chosen for their variability in objectively measured walkability and income, completed questionnaires about their neighborhood environment, concerns about children walking to school, and children's behavior (N = 259). Objective measures of the environment were available for each participant and each neighborhood. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationships among environment, parental concerns, and walking or biking to or from school at least once a week.
A parental concerns scale was most strongly associated with child active commuting (odds ratio: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.71-9.96). In high-income neighborhoods, more children actively commuted in high-walkable (34%) than in low-walkable neighborhoods (23%) (odds ratio: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.12-3.97), but no differences were noted in low-income neighborhoods. Parent concerns and neighborhood aesthetics were independently associated with active commuting. Perceived access to local stores and biking or walking facilities accounted for some of the effect of walkability on active commuting.
Both parent concerns and the built environment were associated with children's active commuting to school. To increase active commuting to school, interventions that include both environmental change and education campaigns may be needed.
本研究探讨客观和感知到的邻里环境特征以及家长担忧与孩子步行上下学之间的关联，调查家长担忧是否因环境特征而异，并比较感知环境、家长担忧和客观环境对孩子步行上下学这一结果的关联。
从客观测量的步行适宜性和收入具有多样性的社区中随机选取5至18岁孩子的家长，完成关于其邻里环境、对孩子步行上学的担忧以及孩子行为的问卷调查（N = 259）。为每位参与者和每个社区提供了环境的客观测量数据。采用逻辑回归分析来研究环境、家长担忧与每周至少一次步行或骑自行车上下学之间的关系。
家长担忧量表与孩子积极通勤的关联最为强烈（优势比：5.2，95%置信区间：2.71 - 9.96）。在高收入社区，高步行适宜性社区中积极通勤的孩子比例（34%）高于低步行适宜性社区（23%）（优势比：2.1，95%置信区间：1.12 - 3.97），但在低收入社区未发现差异。家长担忧和邻里美观度与积极通勤独立相关。感知到的当地商店可达性以及自行车或步行设施解释了步行适宜性对积极通勤的部分影响。
家长担忧和建成环境均与孩子步行上下学有关。为增加孩子步行上下学的比例，可能需要同时包括环境改变和教育活动的干预措施。
