Perrone G, Susca A, Epifani F, Mulè G
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Sep 1;111 Suppl 1:S22-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 May 8.
Members of Aspergillus belonging to Section Nigri are distributed worldwide and are mainly responsible for the ochratoxin A accumulation in grapes and wine, particularly in Southern Europe. Limited information is available on the species composition and genetic variability of black Aspergilli strains occurring on grapes. We analyzed 283 representative strains from the main wine producing European countries collected in 2001-2002 (Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Greece and Israel) using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) technique. Four main groups were obtained by AFLP clustering analysis of these strains and three of them showed a well defined homogeneous population/species with intraspecific homology higher than 48%: Aspergillus carbonarius (105 strains), Aspergillus tubingensis (69 strains), and Aspergillus "uniseriate" (56 strains) with a similarity less than 20% to the Aspergillus japonicus type strain. The fourth cluster, that we called "A. niger like" (44 strains), showed low homology with A. niger type strain (35%) and high internal heterogeneity. Finally, nine strains could not be assigned readily to any of the type strain of the A. nigri Section. These findings indicate that the Aspergillus Section Nigri strains occurring on grapes in Southern Europe represent a complex of species, and some of these are peculiar to grapes.
属于黑曲霉组的曲霉成员分布于世界各地，主要导致葡萄和葡萄酒中赭曲霉毒素A的积累，尤其是在南欧。关于葡萄上出现的黑曲霉菌株的物种组成和遗传变异性的信息有限。我们使用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）技术分析了2001年至2002年从欧洲主要葡萄酒生产国（意大利、法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、希腊和以色列）收集的283株代表性菌株。通过对这些菌株的AFLP聚类分析获得了四个主要组，其中三个组显示出定义明确的同质群体/物种，种内同源性高于48%：黑曲霉（105株）、管囊曲霉（69株）和“单列”曲霉（56株），与日本曲霉模式菌株的相似度低于20%。第四组，我们称之为“黑曲霉样”（44株），与黑曲霉模式菌株的同源性较低（35%），内部异质性较高。最后，有九株菌株不能轻易归入黑曲霉组的任何模式菌株。这些发现表明，南欧葡萄上出现的黑曲霉组菌株代表了一个物种复合体，其中一些是葡萄特有的。
