Hind K, Truscott J G, Evans J A
Centre for Bone and Body Composition Research, Academic Unit of Medical Physics, University of Leeds, Ground Floor, Wellcome Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK.
Bone. 2006 Oct;39(4):880-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.03.012. Epub 2006 May 6.
There have been many reports of low bone mineral density (BMD) in female endurance runners. Although there have been several reports of low BMD in male runners, it is unclear how comparable the problem is to that in females. We compared BMD between male and female endurance runners and with a reference population. One hundred and nine endurance runners (65 females, 44 males) aged 19-50 years participated and had been training regularly for at least 3 years (32-187.2 km week(-1)) in events from 3 km to the marathon. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and hip by DXA. A questionnaire assessed training and menstrual status. Lumbar spine T scores were similar in male and female runners (-0.8 (0.8) versus -0.8 (0.7); f = 0.015; P = 0.904) as were total hip T scores (0.6 (7.9) versus 0.5 (9.2); f = 0.192; P = 0.662). The proportion of male runners with low lumbar spine BMD (<-1.0) (n = 16 from 44) compared to that of females (n = 27 from 65) (P = 0.675). Males had lower spine T scores than eumenorrhoeic females (-0.8 (0.7) versus -0.4 (0.7); f = 5.169; P = 0.03). There were moderate negative correlations between weekly running distance and lumbar spine BMD in males and females (r(2) = 0.267; 0.189; P < 0.001), independent of menstrual status in females (r(2) = 0.192; P < 0.001). Lumbar spine but not hip T scores were greater in runners who participated in resistance training at least twice-a-week (male: -0.4 versus -1.1; female: -0.5 versus -1.1; P < 0.01). Using multiple regression, running distance (-) and BMI (+) together best predicted lumbar spine T scores (r(2) = 0.402; P < 0.01) in females. Although weak, BMI (+) best predicted hip T scores (r(2) = 0.167; P < 0.05). In males, running distance and training years (-) together best predicted lumbar spine T scores (r(2) = 0.400; P < 0.01). Training years (-) best predicted hip T scores (r(2) = 0.361; P < 0.01). To conclude, our findings suggest that male runners face the same bone threat at the spine, as female runners. Further research in male athletes is required. Incorporation of regular resistance training into an athlete's training programme may be a useful preventative strategy.
已有许多关于女性耐力跑运动员骨矿物质密度（BMD）低的报道。虽然也有一些关于男性跑步运动员BMD低的报道，但尚不清楚该问题与女性的可比性如何。我们比较了男性和女性耐力跑运动员之间以及与参考人群的BMD。109名年龄在19 - 50岁的耐力跑运动员（65名女性，44名男性）参与了研究，他们在3公里到马拉松的项目中进行了至少3年的定期训练（每周32 - 187.2公里）。通过双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量腰椎（L2 - L4）和髋部的BMD。通过问卷调查评估训练和月经状况。男性和女性跑步运动员的腰椎T值相似（-0.8（0.8）对 -0.8（0.7）；F = 0.015；P = 0.904），全髋T值也相似（0.6（7.9）对0.5（9.2）；F = 0.192；P = 0.662）。腰椎BMD低（<-1.0）的男性跑步运动员比例（44名中有16名）与女性（65名中有27名）相比（P = 0.675）。男性的脊柱T值低于月经正常的女性（-0.8（0.7）对 -0.4（0.7）；F = 5.169；P = 0.03）。男性和女性每周跑步距离与腰椎BMD之间存在中度负相关（r² = 0.267；0.189；P < 0.001），与女性月经状况无关（r² = 0.192；P < 0.001）。每周至少进行两次抗阻训练的跑步运动员的腰椎T值高于髋部T值（男性：-0.4对 -1.1；女性：-0.5对 -1.1；P < 0.01）。使用多元回归分析，跑步距离（-）和体重指数（+）共同对女性腰椎T值的预测效果最佳（r² = 0.402；P < 0.01）。虽然相关性较弱，但体重指数（+）对髋部T值的预测效果最佳（r² = 0.167；P < 0.05）。在男性中，跑步距离和训练年限（-）共同对腰椎T值的预测效果最佳（r² = 0.400；P < ）。训练年限（-）对髋部T值的预测效果最佳（r² = 0.361；P < 0.01）。总之，我们的研究结果表明，男性跑步运动员在脊柱方面面临与女性跑步运动员相同的骨骼威胁。需要对男性运动员进行进一步研究。将定期抗阻训练纳入运动员的训练计划可能是一种有用的预防策略。
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