Micklesfield L K, Lambert E V, Fataar A B, Noakes T D, Myburgh K H
MRC/UCT Bioenergetics of Exercise Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 May;27(5):688-96.
We measured bone mineral density (BMD) in 25 premenopausal ultramarathon (56 km) runners aged 29-39 yr and related risk factors for decreased BMD with actual BMD. Fifteen runners who had never had oligo/amenorrhea (R) were compared with 10 runners (OA): 4 oligomenorrheic, 2 amenorrheic, and 4 with prior oligo/amenorrhea. Menstrual, dietary and training data were obtained. BMD of the lumbar spine (LS) and proximal femur (F) were measured by dual energy x-ray densitometry. Both groups had similar body mass (58 +/- 8 vs 57 +/- 8 kg), running and dietary histories. F BMD was not different (P = 0.07) and correlated only with BMI (P < 0.05; r = 0.43). LS BMD was lower in OA (0.946 +/- 0.098 g.cm-2) than R (1.088 +/- 0.069 g.cm-2; P < 0.001). Menstrual History Index (MHI), (estimated periods.yr-1 since age 13), was higher in R (11.6 +/- 0.6) than OA (9.4 +/- 2.1; P < 0.01). LS BMD correlated with MHI (P < 0.0005; r = 0.67) and years oligomenorrheic (P < 0.01; r = -0.58) but not years amenorrheic, parity, breastfeeding, diet, or training. In conclusion, in mature women distance runners low LS BMD is related to a history of oligo/amenorrhea regardless of resumption of regular menstrual cycles in some subjects. Not only amenorrhea, but also prolonged oligomenorrhea may negatively influence peak adult bone mass.
我们对25名年龄在29至39岁之间的绝经前超级马拉松（56公里）跑者测量了骨密度（BMD），并将骨密度降低的相关风险因素与实际骨密度进行关联分析。将15名从未出现过少经/闭经的跑者（R组）与10名跑者（OA组）进行比较：OA组中有4名月经过少者、2名闭经者以及4名既往有过少经/闭经者。收集了月经、饮食和训练数据。通过双能X线骨密度仪测量腰椎（LS）和股骨近端（F）的骨密度。两组跑者的体重（58±8 vs 57±8 kg）、跑步和饮食史相似。股骨近端骨密度无差异（P = 0.07），且仅与体重指数相关（P < 0.05；r = 0.43）。OA组的腰椎骨密度（0.946±0.098 g/cm²）低于R组（1.088±0.069 g/cm²；P < 0.001）。月经史指数（MHI，自13岁起每年估计的月经周期数）在R组（11.6±0.6）高于OA组（9.4±2.1；P < 0.01）。腰椎骨密度与MHI相关（P < 0.0005；r = 0.67），与月经过少的年限相关（P < 0.01；r = -0.58），但与闭经年限、产次、母乳喂养、饮食或训练无关。总之，在成年女性长跑运动员中，低腰椎骨密度与过少经/闭经史有关，无论部分受试者的月经周期是否恢复正常。不仅闭经，而且长期月经过少可能会对成年峰值骨量产生负面影响。
