Burg E D, Remillard C V, Yuan J X-J
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0725, La Jolla, 92093-0725, USA.
J Membr Biol. 2006 Jan;209(1):3-20. doi: 10.1007/s00232-005-0838-4. Epub 2006 Apr 17.
A proper rate of programmed cell death or apoptosis is required to maintain normal tissue homeostasis. In disease states such as cancer and some forms of hypertension, apoptosis is blocked, resulting in hyperplasia. In neurodegenerative diseases, uncontrolled apoptosis leads to loss of brain tissue. The flow of ions in and out of the cell and its intracellular organelles is becoming increasingly linked to the generation of many of these diseased states. This review focuses on the transport of K(+) across the cell membrane and that of the mitochondria via integral K(+)-permeable channels. We describe the different types of K(+) channels that have been identified, and investigate the roles they play in controlling the different phases of apoptosis: early cell shrinkage, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. Attention is also given to K(+) channels on the inner mitochondrial membrane, whose activity may underlie anti- or pro-apoptotic mechanisms in neurons and cardiomyocytes.
维持正常组织内环境稳定需要适当的程序性细胞死亡或凋亡速率。在诸如癌症和某些形式的高血压等疾病状态下，凋亡被阻断，导致细胞增生。在神经退行性疾病中，不受控制的凋亡会导致脑组织丧失。离子进出细胞及其细胞内细胞器的流动与许多这些疾病状态的发生越来越相关。本综述重点关注钾离子（K(+)）通过整合的钾离子通透通道跨细胞膜和线粒体的转运。我们描述了已鉴定的不同类型的钾离子通道，并研究它们在控制凋亡不同阶段所起的作用：早期细胞皱缩、细胞色素c释放、半胱天冬酶激活和DNA片段化。同时也关注线粒体内膜上的钾离子通道，其活性可能是神经元和心肌细胞抗凋亡或促凋亡机制的基础。
