Wang Lihui, Ligoxygakis Petros
Genetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
Immunobiology. 2006;211(4):251-61. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.01.001. Epub 2006 May 2.
Genetic analysis of the innate immune response in Drosophila has provided important insights into the mechanism of microbial sensing and the subsequent host signalling events. The two major players following immune challenge are the Toll and Immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, which are essential for fruit flies to survive infection. These pathways are homologous to the mammalian Toll-like receptor and tumour necrosis factor pathways, respectively. Moreover, microbial pattern-recognition receptors upstream of Toll and IMD, such as the peptidoglycan recognition proteins, have been isolated and studied at the structural and functional level. In the present, we will review recent data pertaining to the genetic, genomic, RNAi and infection studies that have added new complexities to the system.
对果蝇先天免疫反应的遗传分析为微生物感知机制及随后的宿主信号传导事件提供了重要见解。免疫挑战后两个主要的参与者是Toll和免疫缺陷（IMD）途径，它们对于果蝇在感染中存活至关重要。这些途径分别与哺乳动物的Toll样受体和肿瘤坏死因子途径同源。此外，Toll和IMD上游的微生物模式识别受体，如肽聚糖识别蛋白，已在结构和功能水平上被分离和研究。在本文中，我们将综述与遗传、基因组、RNA干扰和感染研究相关的最新数据，这些研究给该系统增添了新的复杂性。
