Huxley H E, Holmes K C
J Synchrotron Radiat. 1997 Nov 1;4(Pt 6):366-79. doi: 10.1107/S0909049597011618.
Interest in the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction led to the search for an intense source of X-rays of 1-2 A wavelength so as to be able to examine the rich X-ray diffraction patterns given by muscles during contraction. This led to the first X-ray diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation, carried out by Holmes, Rosenbaum and Witz at DESY, Hamburg, in September 1970. In the following years, the EMBL Outstation, to utilize synchrotron radiation for biological structure determination, was established at DESY and preliminary experiments on muscle were also carried out at NINA (Daresbury). The development of time-resolved techniques for muscle diffraction was first started in the MRC Molecular Biology Laboratory in Cambridge, using rotating-anode X-ray tubes, and was then greatly extended at the EMBL Outstation, Hamburg, using the storage ring DORIS. This was a very successful venture, and helped to drive the whole technology development and to interest other potential users in the technique.
对肌肉收缩分子机制的兴趣促使人们寻找波长为1 - 2埃的高强度X射线源，以便能够研究肌肉在收缩过程中产生的丰富X射线衍射图样。这导致了1970年9月由霍姆斯、罗森鲍姆和维茨在汉堡的德国电子同步加速器研究所（DESY）进行的首次使用同步辐射的X射线衍射实验。在随后的几年里，欧洲分子生物学实验室分站在DESY成立，用于利用同步辐射确定生物结构，同时也在尼娜（达勒姆）对肌肉进行了初步实验。肌肉衍射时间分辨技术的发展最初始于剑桥的医学研究委员会分子生物学实验室，使用旋转阳极X射线管，随后在汉堡的欧洲分子生物学实验室分站利用储存环多丽丝（DORIS）得到了极大的扩展。这是一次非常成功的尝试，有助于推动整个技术的发展，并引起其他潜在用户对该技术的兴趣。
