Brook Itzhak
Georgetown University School of Medicine, 4431 Albemarle St. NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
Anaerobe. 2006 Feb;12(1):5-12. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.08.002. Epub 2005 Oct 12.
The normal oropharyngeal flora contained aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that can cause respiratory infections including sinusitis. Some of these bacteria can interfere with the growth of potential pathogens and may play a role in preventing infections. Anaerobic bacteria emerge as pathogens as the infection becomes chronic. This may be the result of the selective pressure of antimicrobial agents that enable resistant anaerobic organisms to survive, and from the development over time of conditions appropriate for anaerobic growth, which include the reduction in oxygen tension and an increase in acidity within the sinus cavity. Anaerobes were isolated in acute maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin and in over half of the patients with chronic sinusitis whenever proper techniques for their cultivation were employed. These organisms were also recovered in acute sinusitis that was associated with dental infections. The predominant isolates were pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium and Peptostreptococcus spp.
正常口咽菌群包含需氧菌和厌氧菌，这些细菌可引发包括鼻窦炎在内的呼吸道感染。其中一些细菌能够干扰潜在病原体的生长，可能在预防感染方面发挥作用。随着感染变为慢性，厌氧菌会成为病原体。这可能是抗菌药物的选择性压力导致耐药厌氧菌得以存活的结果，也是随着时间推移适合厌氧菌生长的条件发展的结果，这些条件包括鼻窦腔内氧张力降低和酸度增加。只要采用适当的培养技术，在牙源性急性上颌窦炎以及超过半数的慢性鼻窦炎患者中均可分离出厌氧菌。在与牙齿感染相关的急性鼻窦炎中也可检出这些微生物。主要分离菌为产色素普雷沃菌属和卟啉单胞菌属、梭杆菌属和消化链球菌属。
