Mauss Iris B, Evers Catharine, Wilhelm Frank H, Gross James J
Department of Psychology,University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2006 May;32(5):589-602. doi: 10.1177/0146167205283841.
People frequently have to control their emotions to function in life. However, mounting evidence suggests that deliberate emotion regulation often is costly. This presents a dilemma: Is it better to let emotions go or to pay the price of exerting costly control? In two studies, the authors explore whether emotion regulatory processes associated with implicit positive evaluation of emotion regulation might provide the benefits of successful emotion regulation without the costs. In Study 1, the authors introduce a measure of implicit evaluation of emotion regulation (ER-IAT). Study 2 examined whether this measure is associated with actual emotional responses to an anger provocation. It was found that greater ER-IAT scores were associated with lesser anger experience, fewer negative thoughts, lessened self-reported effortful emotion regulation, and an adaptive pattern of cardiovascular responding. These findings suggest that implicit positive evaluation of emotion regulation is associated with successful, automatic, and physiologically adaptive down-regulation of anger.
人们在生活中常常需要控制自己的情绪才能正常行事。然而，越来越多的证据表明，刻意的情绪调节往往代价高昂。这就带来了一个两难困境：是任由情绪释放更好，还是付出代价进行代价高昂的控制？在两项研究中，作者探讨了与对情绪调节的内隐积极评价相关的情绪调节过程是否能在不付出代价的情况下带来成功情绪调节的益处。在研究1中，作者引入了一种对情绪调节的内隐评价测量方法（情绪调节内隐联想测验，ER-IAT）。研究2考察了这种测量方法是否与对愤怒挑衅的实际情绪反应相关。研究发现，ER-IAT得分越高，愤怒体验越少、消极想法越少、自我报告的努力情绪调节越少，以及心血管反应的适应性模式越好。这些发现表明，对情绪调节的内隐积极评价与成功、自动且生理上适应性的愤怒下调有关。
