Mauss Iris B, Cook Crystal L, Cheng Jennifer Y J, Gross James J
Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race Street, Denver, CO 80208, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2007 Nov;66(2):116-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.017. Epub 2007 May 3.
Effective emotion regulation is widely seen as vital for healthy adaptation. There remains considerable uncertainty, however, as to what constitutes effective emotion regulation. One promising emotion regulation strategy is cognitive reappraisal, which involves reframing emotional events so as to decrease their emotional impact. This strategy is useful because it seems to enable individuals to down-regulate negative feelings without the physiological costs that are associated with other forms of emotion regulation. It remains unknown, however, whether individual differences in the use of reappraisal are associated with experiential and physiological responses to anger-inducing situations. To examine this question, individuals either high or low in reappraisal were made angry in the laboratory while emotion experience and cardiovascular responses were assessed. Results indicated that compared to low reappraisers, high reappraisers had a more adaptive profile of emotion experience and cardiovascular responding. Specifically, across baseline and provocation periods, high reappraisers reported less anger, less negative emotion, and more positive emotion, showed greater cardiac output and ventricular contractility, and lesser total peripheral resistance. These findings suggest that reappraisers are successful at down-regulating negative emotions, even in the context of a potent negative emotion such as anger.
有效的情绪调节被广泛视为健康适应的关键。然而，对于什么构成有效的情绪调节仍存在相当大的不确定性。一种有前景的情绪调节策略是认知重评，即对情绪事件进行重新诠释，以降低其情绪影响。这种策略很有用，因为它似乎能使个体下调负面情绪，而不会产生与其他形式的情绪调节相关的生理代价。然而，重评使用上的个体差异是否与对愤怒诱发情境的体验和生理反应相关，目前尚不清楚。为了研究这个问题，在实验室中让重评能力高或低的个体产生愤怒情绪，同时评估情绪体验和心血管反应。结果表明，与低重评者相比，高重评者在情绪体验和心血管反应方面具有更具适应性的特征。具体而言，在基线期和激发期，高重评者报告的愤怒、负面情绪更少，积极情绪更多，心输出量和心室收缩力更大，总外周阻力更小。这些发现表明，即使在愤怒这种强烈负面情绪的情境下，重评者也能成功下调负面情绪。
