de Bruijn Gert-Jan, Kremers Stef P J, Lensvelt-Mulders Gerty, de Vries Hein, van Mechelen Willem, Brug Johannes
Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Am J Prev Med. 2006 Jun;30(6):507-12. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.001.
Recent calls have been made to consider both environmental factors and individual-level factors in the explanation of physical activity (PA). The present study tested a conceptual model that integrated past PA, relevant environmental-level and individual-level factors and their associations with adolescent PA, using the tenets of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).
Data were gathered in an adolescent sample (n=221; 60% girls) using questionnaires. PA was assessed in May 2003 and November 2003. Theory of Planned Behavior cognitions regarding PA and the environmental factors under study were assessed in November 2003. Confirmatory factor analyses and path analyses were performed using AMOS software.
The initial structural model did not provide an acceptable fit to the data. Including a direct path from past PA to current PA significantly improved model fit to an acceptable fit. Including a direct path from past PA to environmental perceptions did not significantly improve model fit. Including a direct path from the environmental variables to current PA did not significantly improve model fit. Current PA was most strongly influenced by past PA, while environmental aesthetics and distance to PA opportunities were indirectly related to adolescents' intention to be physically active. Significant standardized path coefficients ranged from 0.14 to 0.34 and explained 17% variance in current PA.
Combining past PA, Theory of Planned Behavior cognitions, and environmental factors increased our understanding of their relative influences on adolescent PA. Implications for future research on physical activity are discussed.
近期有人呼吁在解释身体活动（PA）时既要考虑环境因素也要考虑个体层面的因素。本研究使用计划行为理论（TPB）的原则，测试了一个整合过去的身体活动、相关环境层面和个体层面因素及其与青少年身体活动之间关联的概念模型。
使用问卷在一个青少年样本（n = 221；60%为女孩）中收集数据。身体活动在2003年5月和2003年11月进行评估。关于身体活动的计划行为理论认知以及所研究的环境因素在2003年11月进行评估。使用AMOS软件进行验证性因素分析和路径分析。
初始结构模型对数据的拟合度不可接受。纳入从过去的身体活动到当前身体活动的直接路径显著改善了模型拟合度，使其达到可接受水平。纳入从过去的身体活动到环境感知的直接路径并未显著改善模型拟合度。纳入从环境变量到当前身体活动的直接路径也未显著改善模型拟合度。当前身体活动受过去身体活动的影响最大，而环境美学和到身体活动机会的距离与青少年进行身体活动的意图间接相关。显著的标准化路径系数范围为0.14至0.34，解释了当前身体活动中17%的方差。
结合过去的身体活动、计划行为理论认知和环境因素，增强了我们对它们对青少年身体活动相对影响的理解。讨论了对未来身体活动研究的启示。
