Purdy Jesse E, Dixon Deann, Estrada Aleta, Peters Anne, Riedlinger Elizabeth, Suarez Ryan
Department of Psychology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX 78626, USA.
J Gen Psychol. 2006 Apr;133(2):131-52. doi: 10.3200/GENP.133.2.131-152.
The prawn-in-a-tube procedure (J. B. Messenger, 1973a) has been used almost exclusively to study associative learning in cuttlefish. In two experiments, the authors sought to determine whether the decline in attack responses observed in this procedure was best accounted for by habituation or associative learning. Results of Experiment 1 revealed an asymmetrical stimulus-specificity effect that could be interpreted as either an instance of habituation or of associative learning. Results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that the response decline could not be reversed following the presentation of a dishabituatory stimulus. The combined results of these experiments support the conclusion that the response decline is best viewed as a resulting of associative processes. The authors considered whether the response decline represents extinction or passive avoidance.
“管中虾”实验程序（J. B. 梅塞尔，1973a）几乎一直仅用于研究乌贼的联想学习。在两项实验中，作者试图确定在此实验程序中观察到的攻击反应下降，是用习惯化还是联想学习来解释最为恰当。实验1的结果揭示了一种不对称的刺激特异性效应，这既可以解释为习惯化的实例，也可以解释为联想学习的实例。实验2的结果表明，在呈现去习惯化刺激后，反应下降无法逆转。这些实验的综合结果支持这样的结论，即反应下降最好被视为联想过程的结果。作者们考虑了反应下降是代表消退还是被动回避。
