Neumann Gabriele, Kawaoka Yoshihiro
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Jun;12(6):881-6. doi: 10.3201/eid1206.051336.
Influenza A viruses cause pandemics at random intervals. Pandemics are caused by viruses that contain a hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein to which human populations are immunologically naive. Such an HA can be introduced into the human population through reassortment between human and avian virus strains or through the direct transfer of an avian influenza virus to humans. The factors that determine the interspecies transmission and pathogenicity of influenza viruses are still poorly understood; however, the HA protein plays an important role in overcoming the interspecies barrier and in virulence in avian influenza viruses. Recently, the RNA polymerase (PB2) protein has also been recognized as a critical factor in host range restriction, while the nonstructural (NS1) protein affects the initial host immune responses. We summarize current knowledge of viral factors that determine host range restriction and pathogenicity of influenza A viruses.
甲型流感病毒会不定期引发大流行。大流行是由含有血凝素（HA）表面糖蛋白的病毒引起的，而人类群体对这种糖蛋白缺乏免疫经验。这样的HA可以通过人类和禽流感病毒株之间的重配，或通过禽流感病毒直接传播给人类而引入人类群体。决定流感病毒种间传播和致病性的因素仍知之甚少；然而，HA蛋白在克服种间屏障和禽流感病毒的毒力方面发挥着重要作用。最近，RNA聚合酶（PB2）蛋白也被认为是宿主范围限制的关键因素，而非结构（NS1）蛋白则影响宿主的初始免疫反应。我们总结了目前关于决定甲型流感病毒宿主范围限制和致病性的病毒因素的知识。
