Lakshmi B, Ajith T A, Jose Nayana, Janardhanan K K
Department of Microbiology, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur 680555, Kerala, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Sep 19;107(2):297-303. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.027. Epub 2006 Apr 6.
The antimutagenic activity of the methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Krast. occurring in South India was investigated. The activity was assayed by Ames Salmonella mutagenicity test using histidine mutants of Salmonella typhimurium tester strains, TA98, TA100 and TA102. The methanolic extract of the mushroom significantly inhibited (P<0.001) the in vitro sodium azide (NaN(3)), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) induced his(+) revertants in a dose dependent manner. In vivo antimutagenic activity of extract was also assayed by determining the mutagenicity of the urine of rats administrated with B[a]P as a mutagen. The prior administration of extract markedly inhibited mutagenicity induced by B[a]P. The results indicated that the methanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidum occurring in South India possessed significant antimutagenic activity. The effect of B[a]P on hepatic enzymes, such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphtase (ALP), were also evaluated. The extract prevented the increase of SGOT, SGPT, and ALP activities consequent to B[a]P challenge, and enhanced the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The extract also profoundly inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by B[a]P. The results revealed that Ganoderma lucidum extract restored antioxidant defense and prevented hepatic damage consequent to the challenge by B[a]P.
对产自印度南部的灵芝（Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Krast.）子实体甲醇提取物的抗诱变活性进行了研究。采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌测试菌株TA98、TA100和TA102的组氨酸突变体，通过艾姆斯沙门氏菌致突变性试验测定该活性。蘑菇的甲醇提取物以剂量依赖性方式显著抑制（P<0.001）体外叠氮化钠（NaN₃）、N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍（MNNG）、4-硝基邻苯二胺（NPD）以及苯并[a]芘（B[a]P）诱导的his(+)回复突变体。还通过测定经B[a]P作为诱变剂处理的大鼠尿液的致突变性来检测提取物的体内抗诱变活性。预先给予提取物可显著抑制B[a]P诱导的致突变性。结果表明，产自印度南部的灵芝甲醇提取物具有显著的抗诱变活性。还评估了B[a]P对肝酶如血清谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶（GOT）、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶（GPT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的影响。提取物可防止因B[a]P攻击导致的SGOT、SGPT和ALP活性增加，并提高还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。提取物还能显著抑制B[a]P诱导的脂质过氧化。结果显示，灵芝提取物可恢复抗氧化防御能力，并防止因B[a]P攻击而导致的肝脏损伤。
