Delgado-García José M, Gruart Agnès
División de Neurociencias, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013-Seville, Spain.
Trends Neurosci. 2006 Jun;29(6):330-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.05.003. Epub 2006 May 19.
Neural processes underlying memory and learning should be studied under the best possible physiological conditions - namely, in alert behaving animals. The classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane and eyelid response is a widely used experimental model for studying the neural bases of motor learning in mammals. Nevertheless, information is still needed on the functional aspects, taking place simultaneously in different cerebral structures, that underlie acquisition, extinction and recall of new motor and cognitive abilities. Here, we review recent data on the neural activity generated in selected brain sites (facial motor nuclei, deep cerebellar nuclei and the hippocampus) in simultaneity with the process of learning. The use of modern technologies for the proper recording of eyelid movements, for the identification of the recorded units, and for the activation of selective synaptic processes during the learning situation enables a precise redefinition of the role played by these neural structures in such associative learning. This review is part of the TINS special issue on The Neural Substrates of Cognition.
记忆和学习的神经过程应该在尽可能理想的生理条件下进行研究——也就是在警觉的行为动物身上进行研究。瞬膜和眼睑反应的经典条件反射是研究哺乳动物运动学习神经基础的一种广泛使用的实验模型。然而，对于在不同脑结构中同时发生的、构成新运动和认知能力的获得、消退和回忆基础的功能方面，仍然需要更多信息。在这里，我们回顾了与学习过程同时在选定脑区（面神经运动核、小脑深部核团和海马体）产生的神经活动的最新数据。在学习过程中，利用现代技术准确记录眼睑运动、识别记录的神经元以及激活选择性突触过程，能够精确重新定义这些神经结构在这种联想学习中所起的作用。这篇综述是《神经科学趋势》关于认知神经基础的特刊的一部分。
