Battevi N, Menoni O, Ricci M Grazia, Cairoli S
Research Unit Ergonomics of Posture and Movement (EPM), Via Riva Villasanta, 11-20145, Milano, Italy.
Ergonomics. 2006 Jun 10;49(7):671-87. doi: 10.1080/00140130600581041.
Manual handling of disabled patients - as regards movement - is one of the major factors affecting acute low back pain of exposed nursing staff. In the absence of quantitative methods assessing this kind of risk, the Research Unit Ergonomics of Posture and Movement of Milan developed in 1997 a risk assessment method called Movement and Assistance of Hospital Patients (MAPO), which is applicable in hospital wards.A first study conducted in 1999 allowed the identification of three levels of MAPO index corresponding with increasing probabilities of being affected by acute low back pain. In accordance with the well-known traffic light model, for MAPO index values between 0 and 1.5 the risk is considered to be absent or negligible. For values between 1.51 and 5.00 the risk is considered to be moderate. For values exceeding 5.00 the risk is considered to be high. In view of the limitations of the previous study, the results needed confirmation and so, in 2000-2001, another cross-sectional study was carried out, which included 191 hospital wards for acute and chronic patients and 2603 exposed subjects. This paper presents the analytical results of the association between the MAPO index and acute low back pain in this new data sample. The agreement between results of the two studies indicates that the MAPO index can be used as a risk index, although with some caution, as detailed in the paper. It can assess the risk exposure level of patient manual handling in wards and can be a useful tool for planning effective preventive actions to reduce the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in health-care workers looking after disabled patients.
残疾患者的人工搬运——就移动方面而言——是影响接触患者的护理人员急性腰痛的主要因素之一。由于缺乏评估此类风险的定量方法，米兰姿势与运动人体工程学研究室于1997年开发了一种名为“医院患者移动与协助”（MAPO）的风险评估方法，该方法适用于医院病房。1999年进行的第一项研究确定了MAPO指数的三个级别，分别对应受急性腰痛影响概率的增加。根据广为人知的交通信号灯模型，当MAPO指数值在0至1.5之间时，风险被视为不存在或可忽略不计。当值在1.51至5.00之间时，风险被视为中等。当值超过5.00时，风险被视为高。鉴于先前研究的局限性，结果需要得到证实，因此在2000 - 2001年又进行了另一项横断面研究，该研究包括191个收治急性和慢性患者的医院病房以及2603名接触患者的人员。本文展示了在这个新数据样本中MAPO指数与急性腰痛之间关联的分析结果。两项研究结果的一致性表明，MAPO指数可作为一种风险指数使用，不过要如本文详细说明的那样谨慎使用。它可以评估病房中患者人工搬运的风险暴露水平，并且对于规划有效的预防措施以降低照顾残疾患者的医护人员患工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病的风险而言，可能是一个有用的工具。
