Craddock Nick, Forty Liz
Department of Psychological Medicine, The Henry Wellcome Building for Biomedical Research in Wales, Wales School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2006 Jun;14(6):660-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201549.
The enormous public health importance of mood disorders, when considered alongside their substantial heritabilities, has stimulated much work, predominantly in bipolar disorder but increasingly in unipolar depression, aimed at identifying susceptibility genes using both positional and functional molecular genetic approaches. Several regions of interest have emerged in linkage studies and, recently, evidence implicating specific genes has been reported; the best supported include BDNF and DAOA but further replications are required and phenotypic relationships and biological mechanisms need investigation. The complexity of psychiatric phenotypes is demonstrated by (a) the evidence accumulating for an overlap in genetic susceptibility across the traditional classification systems that divide disorders into schizophrenia and mood disorders, and (b) evidence suggestive of gene-environment interactions.
情绪障碍对公众健康具有极其重要的意义，再考虑到其较高的遗传性，这激发了大量研究工作，主要针对双相情感障碍，但越来越多地也涉及单相抑郁症，旨在运用定位和功能分子遗传学方法来确定易感基因。连锁研究中已出现了几个感兴趣的区域，最近也有报道暗示特定基因的证据；得到最多支持的包括脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和D-氨基酸氧化酶激活剂（DAOA），但还需要进一步重复验证，并且需要对表型关系和生物学机制进行研究。精神疾病表型的复杂性体现在以下两方面：（a）越来越多的证据表明，在将疾病分为精神分裂症和情绪障碍的传统分类系统中，遗传易感性存在重叠；（b）有证据表明存在基因-环境相互作用。
