Tsutsui Toshihiko
Department of Reproduction, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
Theriogenology. 2006 Jul 1;66(1):122-5. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.03.015. Epub 2006 May 24.
Artificial insemination (AI) in cats represents an important technique for increasing the contribution of genetically valuable individuals in specific populations, whether they be highly pedigreed purebred cats, medically important laboratory cats or endangered non-domestic cats. Semen is collected using electrical stimulation, with an artificial vagina or from intact or excised cauda epididymis. Sperm samples can be used for AI immediately after collection, after temporary storage above 0 degrees C or after cryopreservation. There have been three and five reports on intravaginal and intrauterine insemination, respectively, and one report on tubal insemination with fresh semen. In studies using fresh semen, it was reported that conception rates of 50% or higher were obtained by intravaginal insemination with 10-50x10(6) spermatozoa, while, in another report, the conception rate was 78% after AI with 80x10(6) spermatozoa. After intrauterine insemination, conception rates following deposition of 6.2x10(6) and 8x10(6) spermatozoa were reported to be 50 and 80%, respectively. With tubal insemination, the conception rate was 43% when 4x10(6) spermatozoa were used, showing that the number of spermatozoa required to obtain a satisfactory conception rate was similar to that of cats inseminated directly into the uterus. When frozen semen was used for intravaginal insemination the conception rate was rather low, but intrauterine insemination with 50x10(6) frozen/thawed spermatozoa resulted in a conception rate of 57%. Furthermore, in one report, conception was obtained by intrauterine insemination of frozen epididymal spermatozoa. Overall, there have been few reports on artificial insemination in cats. The results obtained to date show considerable variation, both within and among laboratories depending upon the type and number of spermatozoa used and the site of sperm deposition. Undoubtedly, future studies will identify the major factors required to consistently obtain reliable conception rates, so that AI can become a practical technique for enhancing the production of desirable genotypes, both for laboratory and conservation purposes.
猫的人工授精（AI）是一项重要技术，可增加特定种群中具有遗传价值个体的贡献，这些种群包括高度纯种的纯种猫、具有医学重要性的实验猫或濒危的非家养猫。精液采集可采用电刺激法、使用人工阴道采集，或从完整或切除的附睾尾部采集。精子样本在采集后、0摄氏度以上临时储存后或冷冻保存后均可用于人工授精。分别有3篇和5篇关于阴道内授精和子宫内授精的报告，以及1篇关于使用新鲜精液进行输卵管内授精的报告。在使用新鲜精液的研究中，据报道，用10 - 50×10⁶个精子进行阴道内授精可获得50%或更高的受孕率，而在另一篇报告中，用80×10⁶个精子进行人工授精后受孕率为78%。子宫内授精后，据报道，分别注入6.2×10⁶个和8×10⁶个精子后的受孕率分别为50%和80%。输卵管内授精时，使用4×10⁶个精子时受孕率为43%，这表明获得满意受孕率所需的精子数量与直接注入子宫的猫相似。当使用冷冻精液进行阴道内授精时，受孕率相当低，但用50×10⁶个冷冻/解冻精子进行子宫内授精的受孕率为57%。此外，在一篇报告中，通过子宫内授精冷冻的附睾精子获得了受孕。总体而言，关于猫人工授精的报告较少。迄今为止获得的结果显示，不同实验室之间以及同一实验室内部，受孕率因所用精子的类型和数量以及精子沉积部位的不同而有很大差异。毫无疑问，未来的研究将确定持续获得可靠受孕率所需的主要因素，以便人工授精能够成为一种实用技术，用于提高实验室和保护目的所需基因型的产量。
