Ridley Kate, Olds Tim S, Hill Alison
School of Education, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2006 May 26;3:10. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-3-10.
Self-report recall questionnaires are commonly used to measure physical activity, energy expenditure and time use in children and adolescents. However, self-report questionnaires show low to moderate validity, mainly due to inaccuracies in recalling activity in terms of duration and intensity. Aside from recall errors, inaccuracies in estimating energy expenditure from self-report questionnaires are compounded by a lack of data on the energy cost of everyday activities in children and adolescents. This article describes the development of the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents (MARCA), a computer-delivered use-of-time instrument designed to address both the limitations of self-report recall questionnaires in children, and the lack of energy cost data in children.
The test-retest reliability of the MARCA was assessed using a sample of 32 children (aged 11.8 +/- 0.7 y) who undertook the MARCA twice within 24-h. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing self-reports with accelerometer counts collected on a sample of 66 children (aged 11.6 +/- 0.8 y). Content and construct validity were assessed by establishing whether data collected using the MARCA on 1429 children (aged 11.9 +/- 0.8 y) exhibited relationships and trends in children's physical activity consistent with established findings from a number of previous research studies.
Test-retest reliability was high with intra-class coefficients ranging from 0.88 to 0.94. The MARCA demonstrated criterion validity comparable to other self-report instruments with Spearman coefficients ranging from rho = 0.36 to 0.45, and provided evidence of good content and construct validity.
The MARCA is a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire, capable of a wide variety of flexible use-of-time analyses related to both physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and offers advantages over existing pen-and-paper questionnaires.
自我报告回忆问卷常用于测量儿童和青少年的身体活动、能量消耗及时间利用情况。然而，自我报告问卷的效度较低至中等，主要原因是在回忆活动的持续时间和强度方面存在不准确之处。除了回忆误差外，由于缺乏儿童和青少年日常活动能量消耗的数据，自我报告问卷在估计能量消耗时的不准确程度进一步加剧。本文介绍了儿童和青少年多媒体活动回忆法（MARCA）的开发情况，这是一种通过计算机提供的时间利用工具，旨在解决自我报告回忆问卷在儿童中的局限性以及儿童能量消耗数据的缺乏问题。
使用32名儿童（年龄11.8±0.7岁）的样本评估MARCA的重测信度，这些儿童在24小时内两次进行MARCA测试。通过将66名儿童（年龄11.6±0.8岁）样本的自我报告与加速度计计数进行比较来评估效标效度。通过确定使用MARCA收集的1429名儿童（年龄11.9±0.8岁）的数据是否呈现出与先前多项研究的既定结果一致的儿童身体活动关系和趋势，来评估内容效度和结构效度。
重测信度较高，组内相关系数范围为0.88至0.94。MARCA的效标效度与其他自我报告工具相当，斯皮尔曼系数范围为ρ=0.36至0.45，并提供了良好的内容效度和结构效度的证据。
MARCA是一种有效且可靠的自我报告问卷，能够进行与身体活动和久坐行为相关的多种灵活的时间利用分析，并且比现有的纸笔问卷具有优势。
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