Garcia-Armisen T, Servais P
Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Campus de la Plaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 221, Bd du Triomphe, B1050 Bruxelles, Belgique.
J Environ Manage. 2007 Mar;82(4):512-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.01.011. Epub 2006 May 24.
Because the large rivers of the Seine watershed have a low microbiological water quality, the main sources of fecal contamination were investigated in the present study. The inputs of the point (wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents) and non-point sources (surface runoff and soil leaching) of fecal bacteria were quantified for Escherichia coli and intestinal enteroccoci used as bacterial indicators. In order to assess the contamination through non-point sources, fecal indicators abundance was estimated in samples collected in small streams located in rural areas upstream from all point sources; these small rivers were characterized by the land use of their watershed. Bacterial indicator numbers were also measured in effluents of WWTPs, some using classical treatment (settling followed by activated sludge process) and some using an additional disinfection stage (UV irradiation). These data were used to estimate the respective importance of each type of source at the scale of the whole Seine river watershed taking into account the land use and the population density. It shows the predominant importance of the point sources of fecal indicator bacteria at the scale of the whole watershed. In a scenario in which activated sludge treatment would be complemented with UV in all WWTPs located in this watershed, the non-point sources of fecal indicator bacteria would be dominant.
由于塞纳河流域的大型河流微生物水质较差，本研究对粪便污染的主要来源进行了调查。以大肠杆菌和肠道肠球菌作为细菌指标，对粪便细菌的点源（污水处理厂（WWTPs）废水）和非点源（地表径流和土壤淋溶）输入量进行了量化。为了评估非点源污染，在所有点源上游农村地区的小溪中采集的样本中估算了粪便指标丰度；这些小河流以其流域的土地利用为特征。还测量了污水处理厂废水中的细菌指标数量，一些采用传统处理（沉淀后接活性污泥法），一些采用额外的消毒阶段（紫外线照射）。这些数据用于在考虑土地利用和人口密度的情况下，估算整个塞纳河流域范围内每种污染源的各自重要性。结果表明，在整个流域范围内，粪便指示菌的点源具有主要重要性。在本流域所有污水处理厂的活性污泥处理都辅以紫外线的情况下，粪便指示菌的非点源将占主导地位。
