Hashiguchi Y, Gomez E A, de Coronel V V, Mimori T, Kawabata M, Furuya M, Nonaka S, Takaoka H, Alexander J B, Quizhpe A M
Kochi Medical School, Japan.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1991 Feb;44(2):205-17. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1991.44.205.
Between 1986 and 1988, epidemiologic studies were carried out in a small rural community in an Andean region of Ecuador, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is highly endemic. A total of 25 human cases, positive for Leishmania parasites by culture and/or smear, were examined. Fourteen of the cases were in infants less than one year of age, suggesting intradomiciliary transmission of the disease. Clinically, many of these cases were similar to descriptions of "uta," a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis which occurs in Andean regions of Peru and is reported caused by L. peruviana. Of the 11 positive cultures obtained from human cases in the present study, eight were identified by molecular characterization as L. mexicana and three were identified as L. major-like. Two additional isolates of L. mexicana were also made from an infected dog and from a sand fly, Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, living in the region, thus implicating the latter species as possible reservoir and vector, respectively, of L. mexicana in this highland community. The significance and validity of recent isolates of L. major-like parasites from the New World are also discussed.
1986年至1988年期间，在厄瓜多尔安第斯地区的一个小乡村社区开展了流行病学研究，该地区皮肤利什曼病高度流行。共检查了25例经培养和/或涂片检测利什曼原虫呈阳性的人类病例。其中14例为1岁以下婴儿，提示该病存在家庭内传播。临床上，许多病例与“乌塔”的描述相似，“乌塔”是皮肤利什曼病的一种形式，发生在秘鲁的安第斯地区，据报道由秘鲁利什曼原虫引起。在本研究中从人类病例获得的11份阳性培养物中，8份经分子鉴定为墨西哥利什曼原虫，3份鉴定为类硕大利什曼原虫。另外还从一只受感染的狗和该地区的一只沙蝇——阿亚库乔白蛉中分离出两株墨西哥利什曼原虫，从而表明后一种沙蝇分别可能是该高地社区墨西哥利什曼原虫的储存宿主和传播媒介。还讨论了最近从新世界分离出的类硕大利什曼原虫寄生虫的意义和有效性。
