Caldeira R D, Bettiol H, Barbieri M A, Terra-Filho J, Garcia C A, Vianna E O
Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of S. Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Occup Environ Med. 2006 Oct;63(10):694-9. doi: 10.1136/oem.2005.025916. Epub 2006 May 25.
To investigate the prevalence and predictors of work related asthma in young adults from the general population.
A total of 1922 subjects randomly selected from a birth cohort 1978/79 in Brazil, aged 23-25 years, completed a respiratory symptoms questionnaire based on the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, and underwent spirometry, bronchial challenge test with methacholine, and skin prick test. For subjects presenting with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, workplace exposure and its relationship with symptoms were assessed by a specific questionnaire and individualised job description to define cases of work related asthma.
The prevalence of work related asthma was 4.2% (81 cases): 1.5% (29 cases) were classified as aggravated asthma and 2.7% (52 cases) as occupational asthma. Work related asthma was associated with atopy and education. Lower educational level (1-8 years of schooling) was associated with work related asthma (odds ratio 7.06, 95% CI 3.25 to 15.33). There was no association between work related asthma and smoking, gender, or symptoms of rhinitis.
The prevalence of work related asthma was high (4.2%), and was associated with low schooling, probably because of low socioeconomic level. The disease may therefore be a consequence of poverty.
调查普通人群中年轻成年人工作相关哮喘的患病率及其预测因素。
从巴西1978/79年出生队列中随机选取1922名年龄在23 - 25岁的受试者，他们完成了一份基于欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查的呼吸道症状问卷，并接受了肺活量测定、乙酰甲胆碱支气管激发试验和皮肤点刺试验。对于出现支气管高反应性的受试者，通过一份特定问卷和个性化工作描述评估工作场所暴露情况及其与症状的关系，以确定工作相关哮喘病例。
工作相关哮喘的患病率为4.2%（81例）：1.5%（29例）被归类为加重性哮喘，2.7%（52例）为职业性哮喘。工作相关哮喘与特应性和教育程度有关。低教育水平（1 - 8年 schooling）与工作相关哮喘有关（比值比7.06，95%置信区间3.25至15.33）。工作相关哮喘与吸烟、性别或鼻炎症状之间无关联。
工作相关哮喘的患病率较高（4.2%），且与低学历有关，这可能是由于社会经济水平较低。因此，这种疾病可能是贫困的结果。
