van der Waaij E H, Wilsson E, Strandberg E
Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Nov;86(11):2853-61. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0616. Epub 2008 May 23.
The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and the influence of systematic effects on behavior test results in dogs. Behavior test results on 1,813 Labrador Retrievers (LR) and 2,757 German Shepherd Dogs (GSD) were analyzed. The behavior test included observations on courage, defense drive, prey drive, nerve stability, temperament, cooperation, affability, and gun shyness. Sex and age influenced most of the traits, and seasons of birth and testing and litter size and composition influenced some of the traits. Apart from defense drive in GSD, and courage, nerve stability, hardness, and affability in LR, all traits were heritable, with heritabilities ranging from 0.14 for hardness to 0.38 for affability in GSD, and from 0.03 for affability to 0.56 for gun shyness in LR. Genetic correlations ranged from 1.00 (LR) and 0.95 (GSD) between courage and hardness to -0.01 (LR) and -0.03 (GSD) between gun shyness and defense drive. Most genetic correlations were positive. Correlations with cooperation were mainly negative, especially in GSD. Genetic correlations between courage and defense drive in LR (0.26) and GSD (0.80), between courage and prey drive in LR (0.27) and GSD (0.65), between affability and nerve stability in LR (0.09) and GSD (0.64), between affability and temperament in LR (-0.24) and GSD (0.39), and between cooperation and hardness in LR (0.28) and GSD (-0.67) were significantly different between the breeds. Genetic parameters for defense drive and cooperation in GSD and hardness and gun shyness in LR were genetically different between the sexes. Results of this study indicate that correction for systematic effects is essential when making selection decisions. Estimating breeding values would be a good solution, incorporating both correction for systematic effects and using all genetic links. Genetic parameters need to be estimated for each breed separately.
本研究的目的是估计犬行为测试结果的遗传参数以及系统效应的影响。分析了1813只拉布拉多寻回犬（LR）和2757只德国牧羊犬（GSD）的行为测试结果。行为测试包括对勇气、防御驱力、猎物驱力、神经稳定性、性情、合作性、亲和性和对枪声的恐惧的观察。性别和年龄影响了大多数性状，出生季节、测试季节、窝仔数和组成影响了部分性状。除了德国牧羊犬的防御驱力，以及拉布拉多寻回犬的勇气、神经稳定性、坚韧度和亲和性外，所有性状都具有遗传性，德国牧羊犬的遗传力范围从坚韧度的0.14到亲和性的0.38，拉布拉多寻回犬的遗传力范围从亲和性的0.03到对枪声恐惧的0.56。遗传相关性范围从勇气和坚韧度之间的1.00（拉布拉多寻回犬）和0.95（德国牧羊犬）到对枪声恐惧和防御驱力之间的 -0.01（拉布拉多寻回犬）和 -0.03（德国牧羊犬）。大多数遗传相关性为正。与合作性的相关性主要为负，尤其是在德国牧羊犬中。拉布拉多寻回犬和德国牧羊犬在勇气与防御驱力之间（分别为0.26和0.80）、勇气与猎物驱力之间（分别为0.27和0.65）、亲和性与神经稳定性之间（分别为0.09和0.64）、亲和性与性情之间（分别为 -0.24和0.39）以及合作性与坚韧度之间（分别为0.28和 -0.67）的遗传相关性在两个品种间存在显著差异。德国牧羊犬防御驱力和合作性以及拉布拉多寻回犬坚韧度和对枪声恐惧的遗传参数在性别间存在遗传差异。本研究结果表明，在做出选择决策时，对系统效应进行校正至关重要。估计育种值将是一个很好的解决方案，既纳入了对系统效应的校正，又利用了所有遗传联系。需要分别为每个品种估计遗传参数。
