Dujon Bernard
Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Levures (URA2171 CNRS and UFR927 University P.M. Curie), Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France.
Trends Genet. 2006 Jul;22(7):375-87. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2006.05.007. Epub 2006 May 30.
Hemiascomycetous yeasts have the greatest number of sequenced species for a single phylum, and are at the forefront of evolutionary genomics of eukaryotes. Yeast genomes show the dynamic interplay between the formation and loss of genes and help to characterize the mechanisms involved and their functional and evolutionary consequences. These mechanisms have equivalents in the genomes of multicellular organisms. Yeast genomes show extensive loss of introns and a reduced role of transposable elements, and so probably have a more limited potential to form novel genes and functions than multicellular organisms, possibly explaining their conserved biological and morphological properties despite their considerable evolutionary range.
半子囊菌酵母在单个门中拥有已测序物种数量最多，处于真核生物进化基因组学的前沿。酵母基因组展示了基因形成与丢失之间的动态相互作用，并有助于阐明其中涉及的机制及其功能和进化后果。这些机制在多细胞生物的基因组中也有类似情况。酵母基因组显示出内含子的大量丢失以及转座元件作用的减弱，因此与多细胞生物相比，其形成新基因和新功能的潜力可能更有限，这或许可以解释尽管它们在进化上有相当大的范围，但仍具有保守的生物学和形态学特性。
