Budowle B, Giusti A M, Waye J S, Baechtel F S, Fourney R M, Adams D E, Presley L A, Deadman H A, Monson K L
Forensic Science Research and Training Center, Federal Bureau of Investigation Academy, Quantico, VA 22135.
Am J Hum Genet. 1991 May;48(5):841-55.
The detection of DNA polymorphisms by RFLP analysis is having a major impact on identity testing in forensic science. At present, this approach is the best effort a forensic scientist can make to exclude an individual who has been falsely associated with an evidentiary sample found at a crime scene. When an analysis fails to exclude a suspect as a potential contributor of an evidentiary sample, a means should be provided to assess suitable weight to the putative match. Most important, the statistical analysis should not place undue weight on a genetic profile derived from an unknown sample that is attributed to an accused individual. The method must allow for limitations in conventional agarose-submarine-gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting procedure, limited sample population data, possible subpopulation differences, and potential sampling error. A conservative statistical method was developed based on arbitrarily defined fixed bins. This approach permits classification of continuous allelic data, provides for a simple and portable data-base system, and is unlikely to underestimate the frequency of occurrence of a set of alleles. This will help ensure that undue weight is not placed on a sample attributed to an accused individual.
通过限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析检测DNA多态性，对法医学中的身份鉴定产生了重大影响。目前，这种方法是法医科学家为排除与犯罪现场发现的证据样本存在错误关联的个体所能做出的最大努力。当分析未能排除嫌疑人作为证据样本的潜在贡献者时，应提供一种方法来评估假定匹配的适当权重。最重要的是，统计分析不应过度重视源自归属于被告个体的未知样本的基因图谱。该方法必须考虑到传统琼脂糖水平凝胶电泳和Southern印迹程序的局限性、有限的样本群体数据、可能的亚群体差异以及潜在的抽样误差。基于任意定义的固定区间开发了一种保守的统计方法。这种方法允许对连续等位基因数据进行分类，提供一个简单且便于携带的数据库系统，并且不太可能低估一组等位基因的出现频率。这将有助于确保不会过度重视归属于被告个体的样本。
