Reiter Evan R, DiNardo Laurence J, Costanzo Richard M
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va., USA.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;63:265-277. doi: 10.1159/000093765.
A large number of substances and disease processes may impact the sense of taste. Toxic substances may cause taste dysfunction from their effects on the gustatory system from the salivary gland, to the taste bud, to the central neural pathways. A number of external toxins, including industrial compounds, tobacco, and alcohol, may adversely affect taste, most commonly through local effects in the oral cavity. Blood-borne toxins, such as medications and those present in autoimmune and other systemic disorders (e.g. renal or liver failure), have access to all parts of the gustatory system, and thus may exhibit varied effects on taste function. An understanding of these potential toxins and their impact on gustation will help physicians better recognize, and potentially limit the impact of such taste alterations on their patients.
大量物质和疾病过程可能会影响味觉。有毒物质可能因其对从唾液腺到味蕾再到中枢神经通路的味觉系统的影响而导致味觉功能障碍。许多外部毒素，包括工业化合物、烟草和酒精，可能会对味觉产生不利影响，最常见的是通过口腔局部作用。血源性毒素，如药物以及自身免疫性疾病和其他全身性疾病（如肾衰竭或肝功能衰竭）中存在的毒素，可影响味觉系统的各个部位，因此可能对味觉功能表现出不同的影响。了解这些潜在毒素及其对味觉的影响将有助于医生更好地识别，并有可能限制此类味觉改变对患者的影响。
