Glynn Simone A, Schreiber George B, Murphy Edward L, Kessler Debra, Higgins Martha, Wright David J, Mathew Sunitha, Tu Yongling, King Melissa, Smith James W
Westat, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
Transfusion. 2006 Jun;46(6):980-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00831.x.
Understanding factors that encourage different racial and ethnic groups to donate is crucial for donor recruitment and retention.
A 28-item self-administered questionnaire was completed in 2003 by 1862 Asian, 1479 black, 1641 Hispanic, and 2940 White US donors who had given whole blood within the past year. With a 1 to 5 scale, donors were asked to rate the importance of 17 factors in their last donation decision. Logistic regression was conducted to compare the odds of a factor being important or very important (score of 4 or 5) in one's decision to donate between race or ethnic groups, stratified by first-time and repeat status.
More than 90 percent of each respondent group cited a desire, responsibility, or perceived duty to help others as an important or very important motivator. Being asked to donate at work was also an important motivator for all race and ethnic groups (56-70%). Getting the results of a health screen appealed to many (approx. 30% found it important or very important) and was most important to Black and Hispanic donors (odds ratios of 1.3-1.9 compared to White donors; p<0.003).
Recruitment and retention programs should build on people's sense of social responsibility. Direct requests to donate are particularly effective motivators. Of a variety of incentives evaluated, offering more comprehensive health screens may motivate many donors, especially Black and Hispanic donors.
了解促使不同种族和族裔群体献血的因素对于献血者的招募和留存至关重要。
2003年，1862名亚裔、1479名黑人、1641名西班牙裔和2940名美国白人献血者完成了一份28项的自填式问卷，这些献血者在过去一年中献过全血。采用1至5分制，要求献血者对17个因素在其上次献血决定中的重要性进行评分。进行逻辑回归分析，以比较一个因素在种族或族裔群体的献血决定中被认为重要或非常重要（得分4或5）的几率，按首次和重复献血状态分层。
每个受访者群体中超过90%的人将帮助他人的愿望、责任或感知到的义务视为重要或非常重要的动机。在工作时被请求献血对所有种族和族裔群体来说也是一个重要的动机（56 - 70%）。获得健康检查结果吸引了许多人（约30%的人认为其重要或非常重要），对黑人和西班牙裔献血者最为重要（与白人献血者相比，优势比为1.3 - 1.9；p<0.003）。
招募和留存计划应基于人们的社会责任感。直接请求献血是特别有效的动机。在评估的各种激励措施中，提供更全面的健康检查可能会激励许多献血者，尤其是黑人和西班牙裔献血者。
