Stefankiewicz Joanna, Kurzawa Rafał, Drozdzik Marek
Katedra Farmakologii Pomorskiej Akademii Medycznej w Szczecinie.
Ginekol Pol. 2006 Feb;77(2):163-9.
In the last 50 years a significant decrease in human fertility has been observed. The result of research indicate that 6% of men aged 15-44 years are infertile or their fertility is significantly compromised. It has also been stated that 15% of couples have fertility problems. Among infertile couples it is a man who is responsible for 50% cases of infertility. Test results show that hormonal disturbances and abnormalities in semen production belong to main causes of infertility, while anatomic anomalie can be responsible for infertility only in few cases. Various chemical substances which appear in the environment may disturb fertility of men. Polluted soil, water and air are the sources of constant exposure to xenobiotics. Substances disturbing hormonal balance (endocrine disruptors) such as pesticide, dioxins and organic solvents cause the highest danger. Improper work conditions such as too high temperature, radiation, exposure to harmful substances also have negative influence on reproductive abilities of men. In addition, it has been noticed that both, some drugs and past infections of reproductive system may have a negative impact on fertility. Studies carried out in recent years have proven that improper lifestyle such as inadequate diet, alcohol abuse, smoking and long-term stress exposure can be the reason for fertility distrurbances in men. The latest findings have stressed genetic factors which may influence reproductive abilities of men.
在过去50年里，已观察到人类生育率显著下降。研究结果表明，15至44岁的男性中有6%不育或生育能力严重受损。也有说法称15%的夫妇存在生育问题。在不育夫妇中，男性导致了50%的不育案例。检测结果显示，激素紊乱和精液生成异常是不育的主要原因，而解剖学异常仅在少数情况下会导致不育。环境中出现的各种化学物质可能会干扰男性的生育能力。受污染的土壤、水和空气是持续接触外源性物质的来源。干扰激素平衡的物质（内分泌干扰物），如农药、二恶英和有机溶剂，造成的危害最大。不当的工作条件，如温度过高、辐射、接触有害物质，也会对男性的生殖能力产生负面影响。此外，人们还注意到，一些药物和过去的生殖系统感染都可能对生育能力产生负面影响。近年来进行的研究证明，不良的生活方式，如饮食不足、酗酒、吸烟和长期承受压力，可能是男性生育能力紊乱的原因。最新研究结果强调了可能影响男性生殖能力的遗传因素。
