Lauderdale Diane S, Knutson Kristen L, Yan Lijing L, Rathouz Paul J, Hulley Stephen B, Sidney Steve, Liu Kiang
Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Jul 1;164(1):5-16. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj199. Epub 2006 Jun 1.
Despite mounting evidence that sleep duration is a risk factor across diverse health and functional domains, little is known about the distribution and determinants of sleep. In 2003-2004, the authors used wrist activity monitoring and sleep logs to measure time in bed, sleep latency (time required to fall asleep), sleep duration, and sleep efficiency (percentage of time in bed spent sleeping) over 3 days for 669 participants at one of the four sites of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (Chicago, Illinois). Participants were aged 38-50 years, 58% were women, and 44% were Black. For the entire sample, mean time in bed was 7.5 (standard deviation (SD), 1.2) hours, mean sleep latency was 21.9 (SD, 29.0) minutes, mean sleep duration was 6.1 (SD, 1.2) hours, and mean sleep efficiency was 80.9 (SD, 11.3)%. All four parameters varied by race-sex group. Average sleep duration was 6.7 hours for White women, 6.1 hours for White men, 5.9 hours for Black women, and 5.1 hours for Black men. Race-sex differences (p < 0.001) remained after adjustment for socioeconomic, employment, household, and lifestyle factors and for apnea risk. Income was independently associated with sleep latency and efficiency. Sleep duration and quality, which have consequences for health, are strongly associated with race, sex, and socioeconomic status.
尽管越来越多的证据表明睡眠时间是影响多种健康和功能领域的一个风险因素，但对于睡眠的分布情况和决定因素却知之甚少。在2003年至2004年期间，作者使用手腕活动监测和睡眠日志，对青年动脉粥样硬化风险发展研究（CARDIA研究，伊利诺伊州芝加哥）四个研究地点之一的669名参与者进行了为期3天的卧床时间、入睡潜伏期（入睡所需时间）、睡眠时间和睡眠效率（卧床睡眠时间占比）测量。参与者年龄在38至50岁之间，58%为女性，44%为黑人。对于整个样本，平均卧床时间为7.5（标准差[SD]，1.2）小时，平均入睡潜伏期为21.9（SD，29.0）分钟，平均睡眠时间为6.1（SD，1.2）小时，平均睡眠效率为80.9（SD，11.3）%。所有这四个参数在不同种族-性别组中有所不同。白人女性的平均睡眠时间为6.7小时，白人男性为6.1小时，黑人女性为5.9小时，黑人男性为5.1小时。在对社会经济、就业、家庭和生活方式因素以及呼吸暂停风险进行调整后，种族-性别差异仍然存在（p<0.001）。收入与入睡潜伏期和睡眠效率独立相关。对健康有影响的睡眠时间和质量与种族、性别和社会经济地位密切相关。
