Vittrup Brigitte, Holden George W, Buck Jeanell
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):2055-64. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2204.
We sought to track the emergence of discipline techniques by mothers of young children and assess the predictive validity of spanking attitudes with subsequent reports of spanking.
One hundred thirty-two mothers were surveyed every 6 months (beginning when their child was 12 months old until they were 4 years old) regarding how they disciplined their children. The discipline behaviors measured included physical punishment, noncoercive methods, and the use of time-outs and withdrawal of privileges. Attitudes toward spanking also were assessed several times.
When their infants were 12 months old, mothers reported using 10 of the 12 discipline techniques assessed, and by the time the children were 24 months old, most mothers reported widespread use of the techniques. The frequency of use increased with age. Although the use of some discipline methods changed as the children got older, the mothers showed significant stability in their overall discipline strategy. Attitudes toward spanking (assessed when their children were 6 months old) were significantly correlated with subsequent spanking behavior, and the mothers' attitudes showed stability over time as well.
By the time infants are 12 months old, discipline is a frequent occurrence in many families. A variety of techniques are used, and attitudes toward spanking predict subsequent spanking behavior. This information is useful for pediatricians, because it provides parents with anticipatory guidance about disciplining young children.
我们试图追踪幼儿母亲管教技巧的出现情况，并评估打屁股态度与后续打屁股报告之间的预测效度。
对132名母亲每6个月进行一次调查（从孩子12个月大开始，直至孩子4岁），询问她们如何管教孩子。所测量的管教行为包括体罚、非强制方法以及使用罚坐和剥夺特权。还多次评估了对打屁股的态度。
当婴儿12个月大时，母亲们报告使用了所评估的12种管教技巧中的10种，到孩子24个月大时，大多数母亲报告广泛使用这些技巧。使用频率随年龄增长而增加。尽管随着孩子长大，一些管教方法的使用有所变化，但母亲们在整体管教策略上表现出显著的稳定性。对打屁股的态度（在孩子6个月大时评估）与后续打屁股行为显著相关，而且母亲们的态度也随时间保持稳定。
到婴儿12个月大时，许多家庭中管教行为频繁发生。使用了多种技巧，且对打屁股的态度可预测后续打屁股行为。这些信息对儿科医生很有用，因为它为家长提供了有关管教幼儿的预期指导。
