Stacoff A, Kälin X, Stüssi E
Biomechanics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Apr;23(4):482-90.
Excessive pronation is accepted as a good indicator for various running injuries. The least amount of pronation takes place when running barefoot. The latest investigations show that this is connected to a large torsional movement between forefoot and rearfoot which can be influenced by the shoe sole construction. The shoes which are in use among runners in track and field are basically of two types, running shoes (in general torsionally stiff) and spikes (torsionally flexible). The possibly varying effect of these shoes on the shoe/foot motion in running is not known. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to show whether the pronation angle and the torsion angle differ when running barefoot, with spikes, and with running shoes (forefoot touchdown, N = 9 left and right). A film analysis provided the angular movements of the lower leg, rearfoot, and forefoot as well as pronation and torsion in the frontal plane. The results show that at touchdown the torsional movements with both shoe types are quite different from those of running barefoot. With shoes, the torsion angle is reduced back to zero--with running shoes more than with spikes--and the pronation angle is increased beyond the barefoot values (P less than 0.01). In order to reduce the risk of injury, both shoe types should be improved--the running shoes with respect to torsion and the spikes with respect to pronation.
过度内旋被认为是各种跑步损伤的一个良好指标。赤足跑步时内旋程度最小。最新研究表明，这与前足和后足之间的大幅度扭转运动有关，而这种运动可能会受到鞋底构造的影响。田径运动员使用的鞋子基本上有两种类型，跑鞋（一般扭转刚度较大）和钉鞋（扭转灵活）。目前尚不清楚这些鞋子对跑步时鞋/足运动的影响是否存在差异。因此，本研究的目的是表明在赤足、穿钉鞋和穿跑鞋跑步时（前足着地，左右各9例），内旋角度和扭转角度是否不同。影片分析提供了小腿、后足和前足的角运动以及额状面内的内旋和扭转情况。结果表明，着地时，两种鞋类的扭转运动与赤足跑步时的情况有很大不同。穿鞋子时，扭转角度会减小至零——穿跑鞋时比穿钉鞋时减小得更多——并且内旋角度会增加到超过赤足时的值（P小于0.01）。为了降低受伤风险，两种鞋类都应改进——跑鞋应改进扭转性能，钉鞋应改进内旋性能。
